高二英語第十三單元

科目 英語

年級 高二

文件　high2

標題 unit13

章節 第十三單元

關鍵詞 高二英語第十三單元

內容

一、教學目的和要求

⒈單詞和詞組

ruler L.49 四會

go on with the First World War wouldwide right(n.) L.50

peace

work out stick(vi.) stick to ruler L.51

course(n.) L.52

communist professor L.49 三會

scientific darkness shy content lead to discovery L.50

cheque human right

prove bent respect leading sadness take sides(in) L.51

fuel

advance advanced mathematics education L.52

further education technical

Albert Einstein Alexander Bell L.49 二會

the Nobel Prize bookmark L.50

Swiss Hitler Jew L.51

⒉日常交際用語：

Is it…? No, it’s not him/her Is he/she…?

Who is he/she? What did he do? It must be him/her

⒊語法：

學習名詞性從句作語的用法。

二、重點與難點分析

Lesson 49

⒈I’m doing a word puzzle in this newspaper. 我正在猜報紙上的字謎。

puzzle意為“謎”，do a word puzzle or do a puzzle in words意為“猜字謎”。

這裏的puzzle是名詞，作“難題”，“難以解釋的東西”講。

例如：The murder case was a puzzle to the police. 這樁謀殺案對警察局來説是一個難題。

puzzle也可以作動詞，意為“使人迷惑不解”。例如：

The murder case continued to puzzle the police.

這樁謀殺案仍使警察局迷惑不解。

⒉It must be him! 那肯定是他！

情態動詞must主要指“肯定”和“禁止”，前者用於肯定句，表示推測，後者用於否定句，表示禁止。例如：

My father must be watching TV now.

我爸爸現在肯定在看電視。

She must be in the classroom.

她肯定在教室裏。

You mustn’t smoke in public places.

公共場所禁止吸煙。

Lesson 50

⒈When he was a young boy he used to ask lots of questions…

他小時候常常問許多問題…

used to do sth. 意為“過去常常做某事”

be used to doing sth. 意為“習慣於做某事”

be used to do sth. 意為“被用來幹什麼”

例如：I used to drink coffee in the evening, but now I am used to drinking coffee in the morning.

過去我常常晚上喝咖啡，但是現在我習慣於早上喝咖啡。

Computers can be used to do a lot of work nowadays.

如今計算機可用來做許多事。

⒉By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned maths all by himself.

到十四歲時，他已經自學了數學。

by與時間名詞連用時表示“到某時為止”，“不遲於…(時間)”

當by後接將來時間時，句子時態用一般將來時或將來完成時；當by後接過去時間時，句子時態用過去完成時。當by後接現在時間時，句子時態用現在完成時。

例如：

My mother will be back by 5 o’clock this afternoon.

今天下點五點以前我媽媽就回來了。

We had learned 2000 English words by the end of last term.

到上學期期末為止，我們已經學了2000個英語單詞。

By the end of this century, China will have become a more powerful and beautiful country in the world.

到本世紀末，中國將成為世界上更強大更美麗的國家。

By now, several bridges have been built over the Changjiang River.

到目前為止，長江上已經建了好幾座橋。

⒊He found it hard to get along with the other boys.

他覺得很難與別的孩子相處。

在此句中，it為形容賓語，hard為賓語補足詞，真正的賓語是不定式短語to get along with the other boys.

在一個含有複合賓語（即：賓語+賓補）的句子中，當賓語是不定式短語或從句時，由於不定式短語或從句較長，所以常使用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語置於句尾，以保持句子的平衡。例如：

I found it difficult to learn French well.

我覺得學好法語是很難的。

They kept it quiet that he was dead.

對於他的死他們保密。

⒋All through his life Einstein was content to spend most of this time alone, although he married twice and had lots of close friends.

雖然愛因斯坦結過兩次婚，而且有很多親密的朋友，但是在整個一生中，他還是願意獨自度過他的大部分時光。

content adj. 滿足的；滿意的；願意的

be content with sth. 對…感到滿意

be content to do sth. 願意做某事

She is content with her present job.

她對目前的工作很滿意。

I am always content with very little.

我總是很容易滿足。

I shall be well content to do so.

我很願意這樣做。

⒌With the pay that he received and saved, he went on with his studies at university, where he received a doctor’s degree in 1905.

他用自己掙來和積存的錢繼續讀大學，1905年在大學獲得博士學位。

⑴此句是複合句。其中包含兩個定語從句。

a: that he received and saved修飾the pay

b: where he received a doctor’s degree in 1905是非限定性定語從句，修飾university.

⑵receive意為“收到”，accept意為“接受”，二者的語義有別。例如：

I received her invitation last week, but I didn’t accept it.

上星期我收到她的請柬，但是我沒有接受。

⑶a doctor’s degree 博士學位

a master’s degree 碩士學位

a bachelor’s degree 學士學位

注意學位前的不定冠詞

receive/win/get a doctor’s degree/a master’s degree/a bachelor’s degree意為獲得博士/碩士/學士學位

Tom received a doctor’s degree in physics in Boston University last term.

上學期湯姆在波士頓大學獲得物理學博士學位。

⒍…he began the research and studies which led to his new discoveries in physics.

…他開始了研究，這些研究使他在物理學方面有了新的發現。

⑴which led to his new discoveries in physics是限定性定語從句，修飾先行詞組the research and studies

⑵lead to意為“引起”、“導致”、“造成”、“通向”

The car accident led to many deaths.

那次車禍使許多人喪生。

There is only one path leading to the forest.

只有一條小路通向森林。

Hard work and proper ways will lead you to success.

勤奮的工作和正確的方法會使你成功。

⒎In 1933 Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA.

1933年愛因斯坦和他的家人離開歐洲去美國。

leave for意為“動身到（某處）”介詞“for”表示目標，去向。

My father left for Guangzhou two days ago.

我父親兩天前動身去廣州了。

She left home for the railway station a few minutes ago.

幾分鐘前她離開家動身去火車站了。

⒏Einstein lived the rest of his life quietly in the USA.

愛因斯坦在美國安靜地度過了他的餘生。

⑴此句中的live是及物動詞，常用於live…a life結構。意為“過着”（某種）生活。

例如：live a happy life 過着幸福的生活

live a hard life 過着艱苦的生活

live a miserable life 過着悲慘的生活

live a quiet life 過着寧靜的生活

They are used to living a quiet life in the country.

他們習慣在農村過安靜的生活。

The children in the city are living a happy life.

城裏的孩子們過着幸福愉快的生活。

⑵句中的rest意為“其餘的（部分或人），其他的（部分或人）”，使用時須與the連用。

Pick out the good apples and throw away the rest.

挑出好蘋果，將其餘的扔掉。

Some of the boys climbed the hill, the rest played games.

有些男孩爬山，其他的男孩做遊戲。

⒐Besides his work in physics, he spent a lot of time working for human rights and progress.

除了在物理學方面的工作以外，他還花了大量的時間為人權和進步而工作。

注意besides和except的區別

besides意為“除了…之外（還有），有肯定和附加的含義”

except意為“除了…之外（不包括本身在內），有否定和排除的含義。”

例如：

Three girls went to the park besides Mary.

除了瑪麗外，還有三個女孩去了公園。（瑪麗去了公園，另外三個女孩也去了公園。）

All of us passed the maths exam besides Mike.

除了邁克外，我們大家也通過了數學考試。（邁克及格了，我們大家也及格了。）

All the girls went to the park except Mary.

除了瑪麗外，其他女孩都去了公園。（瑪麗沒去公園。）

All of us passed the maths exam except Mike.

除邁克外，我們大家都通過了數學考試。（邁克沒通過）

⒑It was said that he found in music the peace which was missing in a world full of wars and killlings.

據説他在音樂中找到了平靜，這種平靜在一個充滿戰爭與殺戮的世界裏是沒有的。

⑴句中which was missing in a world full of wars and killings是限定性定語從句，修飾先行詞the peace.

⑵full of意為“充滿”。形容詞短語full of…作定語，放在其所修飾的名詞a world之後，a world full of wars and killings相當於a world which was full of wars and killings. 例如：

He brought us a basket full of vegetables. 他帶給我們滿滿一藍子蔬菜。

⒒Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist.

愛因斯坦就是這樣一個人，一個質樸的人，一位二十世紀最偉大的科學家。

此句是倒裝句。句中的such是代詞，作“這”或“這些”講。謂語動詞根據情況用單數或複數。例如：

Such is my wish. 這就是我的願望。

Such were his words. 這就是他講的話。

Such is the answer to the question. 這就是問題的答案。

Lesson 51

⒈But Einstein stuck to his opinion and went on with his research.

但是愛因斯坦堅持自己的意見並繼續研究。

⑴動詞短語stick to意為“堅持（意見，看法等）”，其中to是介詞，後跟名詞或代詞。例如：

No matter what you say, I will stick to my opinion.

不管你説什麼，我會堅持我的觀點。

I will stick to my work unitl it’s finished.

我會堅持幹我的工作，直到完成它。

⑵stick(stuck, stuck)既可以作動詞，也可以作名詞。意為“貼，粘”，“卡住，陷在…裏（無法移動）”、“手杖”例如：

The old woman can not walk without a walking stick.

這位老太太沒有枴杖不能行走。

Don’t forget to stick a stamp on an envelope before you put it into the mail-box.

把信投進信箱前別忘了在信封上貼上郵票。

The car stuck in the mud.

汽車陷入泥裏了。

The key has stuck in the lock.

鑰匙卡在鎖裏了。

⒉From that time on Einstein was greatly respected as the leading scientist of the century.

從那時起，愛因斯坦備受尊敬，被公認為本世紀最傑出的科學家。

from that time on/from then on意為“從那時起”，常與過去時連用。

since that time/since then/ever since then意為“從那時起”，但與完成時連用。例如：

From then on he began to learn Russian.

從那時起，他開始學俄語。

Since then he has been writing poems.

從那時起，他一直在寫詩。

⒊…as Switzerland did not take sides in the war. ……由於瑞士在大戰中沒有參加戰爭的任何一方。

take sides with sb./take the side of sb. 同意某人，支持某人，和…站在一邊。例如：

Switzerland refused to take sides in world War II.

瑞士在第二次世界大戰中拒絕參加任何一方。

He took sides with Mother against Father in the argument.

爭論中他站在母親一邊反對父親的意見。

⒋When Germany was ruled by Hitler in the early 1930s…….

二十世紀三十年代初期希特勒統治德國的時候……

in the early 1930s也可以寫成in the early 1930’s二十世紀三十年代初期

in the middle 1990s 二十世紀九十年代中期

in the late 1990s 二十世紀九十年代末期

⒌Grammer：Noun Clauses as the Subject

語法：名詞性從句：主語從句

用作主語的從句叫主語從句，它是名詞性從句這一。引導主語從句的連接詞有：連詞that,whether；連接代詞who,what和which；連接副詞when,where,how,why等等。例如：

What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.

他所希望看到的是，全世界的一切軍隊全都消亡。

What he has done has nothing to do with us.

他所做的事情與我們無關。

That there is life on another planet is almost impossible.

在另一個星期上有生命幾乎是不可能的。

Who killed the young man remains a question.

誰殺死了這個年輕人仍然是一個問題。

When we will hold the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.

我們何時召開會議還沒有決定。

Whether we can control the floods is still uncertain.

我們能否控制住洪手還不能肯定。

Which team will win the football match is still unknown.

哪支隊會贏得足球賽還不知道。

Why he didn’t tell the truth wasn’t quite clear.

他為什麼不説實話，還不清楚。

以上例句中的主語從句都是放在句首，但是，有時主語從句太長時，如果放在句首，會使句子顯得笨重。因此，我們常用it作形式主語，而把主語從句挪到後面去。可用it作形式主語的主語從句常見結構有：

⒈It is+adj./n.+that-clause.

It’s a pity that… 遺憾的是……

It’s possible that… 可能是…….

⒉It is said/reported that……據説/據報道…

⒊It seems/happened that…似乎/碰巧……

例如：It is possible that he misunderstood what I said.

他可能誤解了我説的話。

It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods.

據報道洪水過後很多人無家可歸。

It happened that I was free that day.

碰巧那天我有空。

whatever,whoever也可以引導主語從句。

Whoever comes will be welcome. 無論誰來都會受到歡迎。

Whatever she did was right. 不管她做什麼都是對的。

三、同步測試

（一）單項選擇

⒈Don’t always ______ your own opinion.

k B. stick to C. stick in D. insist in

⒉His mistakes _____ his failure.

A. led to B. led of C. lead on D. lead for

⒊The Second World War broke out in _____ when Einstein was in ______.

A. the early 1940s; the USA B. 1937; Switzerland

C. the late 1930s; the USA D. the thirties; France

⒋My sister ______ an invitation but she didn’t _____ it.

A. accepted; receive B. received; accepted

C. accepted; accept D. received; accept

⒌By the time I ______ the bus station, the bus _______.

A. got to/left B. reached/has left

C. arrived/has gone D. left/arrived

⒍_____ five years _____ the book about pollution.

A. It spent him/to finish B. It spent him/finishing

C. He spent/finishing D. He spent/to finish

⒎Facing this _____ problem, I found myself _____ about how to work it out.

A. puzzled; puzzled B. puzzled; puzzling

C. puzzling; puzzled D. puzzling; puzzling

⒏In the daytime the stars are not seen to twinkle ______.

A. in a apace B. in the space C. in space D. on space

⒐______, paper was first made in China.

A. It is known to all B. We all know

C. It is known that D. As it known to all

⒑______ we will go to the beach tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. Why B. If C. Where D. Whether

⒒Nobody knew _______.

A. where he comes B. where he was from

C. where he is from D. where does he come from

⒓Computers can only give out _____ has been stored in them.

A. that B. which C. what D. anything

⒔She wanted to know ______.

A. whether I knew her and where did she work.

B. if I knew her and the factory she worked there.

C. whether I knew her and the factory she worked.

D. if I know her and the factory where she worked.

⒕It doesn’t matter _____ I rest or not.

A. if B. whether C. that D. when

⒖The trouble is ______ we are short of tools.

A. what B. that C. how D. which

⒗That is ______ there appears a rainbow in the sky.

A. what B. when C. why D. however

⒘The thought ______ he might fail in the final exam worried him.

A. which B. that C. when D. /

⒙_____ I will accept the gift is none of your business.

A. If B. Whether C. What D. Which

⒚_____ wants the book many have it.

A. who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person

⒛The problem is _____ will go.

A. that B. that who C. who D. whoever

（二）閲讀理解

A

In the year 2000, the world is going to have a population of about 8 billion(十億). Most scientists agree that the most severe problem is food supply.

Who is going to feed all those people? Where is the food going to come from? Are we going to have enough food? Are we going to produce more artificial(人選的) food?

One way of improving the situation is for people to eat less meat. Why? Because it takes 4 kilos(公斤) of grain protein(蛋白質) to produce half a kilo of meat protein. Clearly, there is not going to be sufficient meat protein for 8 billion people. Gherefore, it will also necesssary to change eating habits because meat is the main part of many people’s food today.

A possible solution to this latter problem is the soybean.(大豆) The soybean plant produces beans which have a very high fat and proteim content. Scientists can now make these look and taste like real meat. They can also make many other artificial products such as soybean milk, for example, which has a taste of milk and can be used in cooking in very much he same ways as cow’s milk. In fact, one woman in the United States fed her family only on soybeans for year! She gave them soybean beef, soybean chicken, soybean milk, and sometimes just soybeans. Possibly, we are all going to eat soybeans in the future and finally give up meat completely from our tables.

⒈What is the main subject of the passage?

A. A solution to man’s food problem.

B. A solution to the population problem.

C. Advantages of soybean.

D. How to develop good eating habits.

⒉According to the passage, meat will completely disappear in the future because _____.

A. people have to spend too much time energy to produce it

B. too much grain protein is needed to produce it

C. it contains too much fat and protein

D. it is no good to the health

⒊According to the passage, the main part of food that many people are eating today is ____.

A. soybeans B. grain C. meat D. milk

⒋In this passage, “artificial food” refers to food made from _____.

A. milk B. grain C. protein D. soybeans

⒌Soybean meat is similar to real meat _____.

A. in appearance but not in taste.

B. neither in appearance nor in taste.

C. both in appearance and in taste.

D. in taste, but not in appearance.

B

It is true that times are changing for the old people in Brtain. But not all the changes are bad ones. Modern medicine, for example, has made old people healthier than ever before. Aother advantage is that there are many more old people than there used to be. This means that old people often have a good social life with their own clubs and organizations. Old people, too, have more money now than their own parents and grandparents had.

The biggest disadvantage of modem life is loneliness. The young leave home when they grow up and many old people live alone. Fewer old people have brothers and sisters. An old person’s one or two children may have moved to another part of the country.

Even when they live nearby, the young people have their own work to do and their own children to look after. They have not much time for the old. Problems of loneliness often start when people stop work. When people retire they often find it difficult to start a new life without their jobs.

The world has changed so fast since 1900 that it is difficult for old people to understand the problems of the young. And the world is changing even faster these days than it was fifty years ago. It makes you thing, doesn’t it? What will it be like when today’s young people are old?

⒈To the old people, the changes in society are ______.

A. better than they expected

B. not as good as they wish

C. both good and bad

D. difficult to understand

⒉According to this passage, the old people today ______.

A. often go to clubs with their brothers and sisters

B. prefer lonely life to social life

C. live more happily than their parents and grandparents

D. like to share their feelings and thoughts with other people

⒊Although some old people live near their sons or daughters, ______.

A. they still feel lonely

B. they want to move to other places

C. they have no time to look after the young people’s children

D. they like to live with their own brothers and sisters

⒋In the last century, old people did not have so many problems because ______.

A. they had big families

B. they lived with their children

C. the young were king to the old

D. the society didn’t change so rapidly

⒌What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Modern society only belongs to the young.

B. Modern life has brought new problems to the old.

C. Today’s young people are happier than their parents.

D. It is necessary to take better care of the old people.

同步測試參考答案：

（一）⒈B；⒉A；⒊C；⒋D；⒌B；⒍C；⒎C；⒏C；⒐D；⒑D；

⒒B；⒓C；⒔D；⒕B；⒖B；⒗C；⒘B；⒙B；⒚B；⒛C

（二）A：⒈A；⒉B；⒊C；⒋D；⒌C

B：⒈C；⒉D；⒊A；⒋D；⒌B