高二英語第七單元

英語寫作指導
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科目英語

年級高二

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標題 Mainly Revision

章節第七單元

關鍵詞

內容　　　

一.教學目的和要求

一.單詞和詞組：

四會：

L.25 generally speaking notice differently

L.26 settle all the year round be famous for deal a great deal of make use of

L.27 race skin tool

L.28 clear up from time to time

三會：

L.25 tap eastern

L.26 official official language settle struggle struggle against freeze freezing average natural natural gas exploit ordinary refer refer to

L.27 tent baggage block fur basic settlement

二會：

L.25 Dean accent

L.26 Ottawa minus C=centigrade

L.27 hunt Inuit seal

2.日常交際用語：

A lot of people can’t tell the difference between an American accent and a Canadian accent.

Are there many differences?

What do you mean by…?I’m sorry, I don’t follow you.

Do you use American or British spelling?

American spellings are used more and more in Canada now.

3.語法

學習主語和謂語的一致的用法

二.重點與難點分析

Lesson 25

1. A lot of people can’t tell the difference between an American accent and a Canadian accent .許多人分不清美國口音與加拿大口音的區別。

1)tell vt辨別；分辨，判斷（常與can, could及be able to連用）

例如：

①It’t difficult to tell her exact age.很難説得出她確切年齡。

②I can’t tell one from the other .我分不清這兩者區別。

△ tell the difference(between A and B)説出（A和B之間的）區別，分清（A和B）

　The teacher asked me to tell the difference in meaning between “over ”and “above”.

老師要我説出“over”和“above”兩個詞在詞義上的區別。

2)accent意為“口音，音調”。還可以作“重音”解。

①Our maths teacher spoke with a strong Zhejiang accent .我們數學老師説話帶有濃重的浙江口音。

②Our English teacher has a bit more American accent . 我們英語老師有較多的美國口音。

③The word “woman” has its accent on the first syllable . “woman”這個詞，重音在第一個音節。

2.I thought you were from the States. 我還以為你是美國人呢。

此句表示過去認為，而現在説話時已不這麼認為了，因此，動詞要用過去式。

例如：Hello, Li Lei, I didn’t know you were here, too .

你好，李雷，我不知道你也在這兒。（表示見到李雷之前不知道。）

fill our cars with “gas”, which is American, but we turn on the “tap”, which is British English.

我們給汽車加油(“gas”)，這是美國英語，我們開水龍頭(“tap”)，這是英國英語。

美國英語中，汽油是 “gas”，英國英語是 “Petrol”；美國英語中，水龍頭是 “faucet”，英國英語是 “tap”。

下面列舉幾組常用詞來説明美國英語和英國英語在詞彙方面的不同──同樣的意思卻用不同的詞彙。

美國英語　　　　英國英語　　　　詞義

eraser　　　　　rubber　　　　　橡皮

fall　　　　　　autumn　　　　　秋天

mail　　　　　　post　　　　　　郵件

movie　　　　　film　　　　　　電影

sick　　　　　　ill　　　　　　疾病

store　　　　　shop　　　　　　商店

vacation　　　　holiday　　　　假期

rally speaking, newspapers follow the American way, but conference reports and school books use British spelling.

一般來説，報紙採用美國英語的拼法，而會議報告則用英國英語的拼法。

1)generally speaking是－ing短語，在句中作插入語，對全句作解釋。類似的插入語如下：

strictly speaking 　嚴格地説　 personally speaking　就個人而言

frankly speaking 　坦率地説　broadly speaking 　廣義地説

exactly speaking 　準確地説

2)句中follow意為“遵循”“聽從”“沿着”例如：

①We must follow his advice. 我們要聽從他的意見。

②Follow the road until you come to a river .沿着這條路走到河邊。

5. you mean it looks strange! I’ll tell you something that does sound strange .

你的意思是説，這看起來很奇怪！我倒可以告訴你一件聽起來的確很奇怪的事情。

1)句中的look和sound都是連繫動詞，連繫動詞後接形容詞作表語一起構成謂語。常見的連繫動詞有：be, feel, fall, seem, keep, appear, taste, smell, become, grow, get, go, turn, sound, look等等

例如：

①That sounds strange. 聽起來很奇怪。

②The silk feels smooth .絲綢摸上去很光滑。

③The leaves have turned green .葉子變綠了。

④It’s getting dark ’s go home.天快黑了，咱們回家吧。

⑤The potatoes went bad in the soil .土壤在地裏變得壞了。

⑥The apples from this tree taste delicious .這棵樹上的蘋果很好吃。

2)句中does用來加強語氣。助動詞do (does, did )常用在肯定句或祈使句中，表示強調。例如：

①I do hope you’ll stay to supper .我真希望你留下來吃晚飯。

②Please do come next time. 下次務必要來呀！

Lesson 26

da is the second largest country in the world .加拿大是世界上第二個最大的國家。

形容詞的最高級形式與序數詞second/third連用，表示“居第二/第三位”，如本句的“第二個最大的國家”（the second largest country）例如：

①The yellow River is the second longest river in china .黃河是中國第二條最長的河流。

②Li Lei is the tallest boy in our class. Wang Gang is the second tallest is the third tallest?

李雷是我們班最高的男孩。其次是王鋼，第三是誰呢？

is larger than the USA and reaches nearly a quarter of the way round the earth.

它比美國還要大，它的國土的長度幾乎達到地球周長的四分之一。

△句中的不及物動詞reach意為“延伸”(extend)例如：

①The woods reach as far as the river .這片樹林一直延伸到河邊。

②The park reaches to the foot of the mountain.這座公園一直延伸到山腳下。

△當reach意為“到達”或“伸手碰到”，是及物動詞。例如：

①Can you reach those books on the shelf? 你夠得着架了上的那些書嗎？

②I reached Beijing about half past six .我大約6點半到達北京。

country covers six of the world’s 24 time areas .加拿大的國土跨過全世界24個時區中的6個。

句中的及物動詞cover本意是“覆蓋”、“遮蓋”，本句中的cover意為“佔有（多少面積）”cover還可以作“採訪解，請看下列例句中cover的不同詞義：

①Please cover the table with a table cloth .請將桌布蓋在桌子上。

②We covered twelve miles yesterday.昨天我們走了12英里的路程。

③The city covered ten square miles . 這座城市佔地10平方英里。

④His studies covered a wide field.他的研究涉及的範圍很廣。

⑤He was sent to cover the Science Conference in Beijing .他被派出採訪北京的科學大會了。

two centuries English and French settlers struggle against each other to control the country .

為了控制這個國家，來自英法兩國的定居者相互爭鬥長達二個世紀。

struggle against意為“和……鬥爭”，後接鬥爭的對象。struggle for意為“為……鬥爭”，後接鬥爭的目標。

①They struggled against difficulties .他們與困難搏鬥.

②The poor had to struggle for a living. 窮人為了生存而鬥爭.

5. Today, one province of Canada is French-speaking .現在加拿大有一個省説法語.

English-speaking (説英語的),Chinese-speaking(説漢語的)Russian-speaking (説俄語的)

例如

①Australia is an English-speaking country .澳大利亞是一個講英語的國家。

②Many countries in South America are spanish-speaking .南美洲很多國家都説兩班牙語。

in China, the weather is different from area to area.同中國的情況一樣，加拿大的氣候也隨着地區的不同而不同。

As in china相當於一個省略了的方式狀語從句：As it is the case in China …其中as是連詞，意為“正如”，“如像”。例如：

①As in your country, we grow wheat in the north, and rice in the south.

正如你們國家情況一樣，我們在北方種小麥，在南方種大米。

②As in the last experiment, he got the same result again this time .

正如上次的實驗一樣，他這次又得到了同樣的結果。

temperatures can fall to－60℃, that is 60℃below freezing.氣温可降到

－60℃，也就是零下60攝氏度。

1)－60℃讀作minns sixty degrees centigrade. Below freezing=below freezing point=below0℃

2)fall to意為“降到”，“落到……上”

The thermometer has fallen to 20℃below zero .温度表已降到零下20攝式度。

the capital, Ottawa, the average of winter temperature is－10 ℃,and in summer 21℃。

在首都渥太華，冬季平均氣温是－10℃，夏季是21℃。

句中的average是名詞，意為“平均數”“一般水平”。

①The average of 3,8 and 10 is 7. 3,8,10的平均數是7。

②Tom’s work at school is above the average; Harry’s is below the average .

湯姆在學校的功課高於一般水平，哈利的功課卻低於一般水平。

△average也可用作形容詞，意為“平均的”，“平常的”。

①The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.這個班男生的平均年齡是15歲。

②What’s the average temperature in your area in summer ?你們地區夏季的平均氣温是多少？

ts grow well all the year round and the parks and gardens are famous for their flowers .

一年四季植物生長良好，這裏的公園和花園都以花卉而聞名。

1)all the year round是名詞詞組，意為“一年到頭”，“一年四季”

The grassland beyond this mountain has little rain all the year round .山那邊的草原終年少雨。

2)be famous for意為“由於……而聞名。be famous as意為“作為……而聞名”。例如：

①Califonia is famous for its fruits .加利福尼亞由於盛產水果而聞名。

②Suzhou is famous for ancient gardens.蘇洲以古典園林而聞名於世。

③He is famous as a poet.作為一名詩人，他很有名。

④The west lake is famous as a place of interest .西湖作為一處名勝而聞名天下。

da has one third of the world’s supply of fresh water .加拿大的淡水供應量佔世界的三分之一。

one third意為“三分之一”

分數表達法：英語中分數是由基數詞和序數詞組成的。分子是基數詞，分母是序數詞。如果基數詞是one，序數詞後不加“s”，如果基數詞大於one，序數詞後必須加“s”。例如：

one fifth五分之一 two fifths五分之二

one fourth四分之一 two thirds三分之二

country has a great deal of coal, oil and natural gas, and these are all exploited for energy .

加拿大擁有大量的煤，石油和天然氣，這些全都開發作能源。

1)句中短語a great deal of意為“大量”，後接不可數名詞。下面幾個詞組意思都是“大量”

plenty of ,a large number of , a large amount of a large quantity of

△plenty of和a large quantity of後面既可接可數名詞，也可接不可數名詞。

a large number of後接可數名詞；a large amount of後接不可數名詞。例如：

①He spent a great deal of money on books .他買書花了很多錢。

②The squirrel hide a large quantity of nuts inside trees. 松鼠在樹杆裏藏了很多堅果。

③She had plenty of imagination.她有許多的幻想。

④There are plenty of of eggs in the house .家中有很多雞蛋。

⑤He lost a great quantity of blood. 他失血過多。

⑥There are a large number of people in the hall .大廳裏有很多人。

⑦A large amount of money was spent decorating the house last year.

去年裝飾房子花了大量的錢。

2)exploit意為“利用”，“開發”。

①We must exploit every opportunity to learn new things .我們必須要利用一切機會來學習新東西。

②They tried every means to exploit the oil under the sea .他們用了一切方法來開發海底石油。

Lesson 27

rs remained in one place and started farms of their own .另外一些人定居下來，開墾自己的農場。

△remain用作不及物動詞，意為“逗留”“留下”“剩下”。

①My mother has to remain in hospital until she was better .我媽媽不得不住院，直到身體好轉。

②After the fire, nothing remained of my house .火災之後，我家一無所有。

△remain用作連繫動詞，意為“仍然是”“還是”，後接形容詞或名詞表語。

①He remained silent .他保持沉默。

②She remains unmarried .她仍然單身（未婚）。

lived on fish and meat and used to make holes in the ice and catch fish and seals .

他們以食魚、肉為生，還經常在冰川上打洞捕捉魚和海豹。

動詞短語live on意為“靠吃……為生”。

People in the north mainly live on wheat .北方人主要以食小表為生。

△live by靠……為生

She lives by writing .她靠寫作為生。

made clothes and shoes from furs and from skins of seals .

他們用獸毛和海豹皮做衣服和鞋子。

句中短語動詞make A from B意為“用B製成A”。例如：

The boy made a boat from wood .那男孩用木頭做了一隻小船。

上述短語動詞make from也可以用make out of代替，意思相同。

make A out of B(用B製成A)被動式是A is made out of B.例如：

The bay made a boat out of wood.(The boat was made out of wood)

made use of animal bones, which they carved into basic tools .

他們利用獸骨，把獸骨雕成基本工具。

①Make good use of your time充分利用你的時間。

②She was making full use of her opportunity to practise English.她正在充分利用一切機會來練習英語。

government has started a new school project in which Inuit teach their own young children.

政府已經開始實施一項興辦學校的新計劃，由因努伊特人來教育他們自己的小孩。

句中start意為“發起，開動”，“使……開始”，作此義解時，start不能被begin代替。例如：

①We can’t start the car . There must be something wrong with the engine .

汽車開不動了，肯定是發動機出毛病了。

②He started the project for helping poor blind children .他發起了一項幫助貧困盲童的計劃。

Lesson 28

Grammar:語法 Agreement（主謂一致）

1.兩個或兩個以上做主語用的單數名詞用and連接時，謂語動詞用複數，但如果and所連接的詞是指一個概念或同一個人時，謂語動詞則用單數。

Li ying and Li Mei are twin sisters .李英和李梅是孿生姐妹。

The poet and writer has come .那位詩人兼作家來了。（前面用一個冠詞，表示同一個人）

2.兩個做主語用的名詞或代詞由介詞with連接時，謂語動詞一般和with前的名詞或代詞的人稱和數一致。

A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital .一個婦女抱着一個嬰兒子向醫院走來。

The teacher with two students was in the room .老師和兩個學生當時在房間裏。

3.當either…or或neither…nor連接兩個並列主語時,謂語動詞通常和鄰近的主語一致。

Either he or I am to attend the parents’ meeting不是他就是我去開家長會。

Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it .孩子們和老師都不知道這件事。

4.兩個做主語的名詞或代詞由as well as連接時，謂語動詞須和前一名詞或代詞的人稱和數一致。

The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car .這個女孩和男孩子一樣，也學會了開汽車。

This book, as well as the other two books is borrowed from our school library .

這本書同另外兩本書一樣，都是從學校圖書館借來的。

5.某些集體名詞如family, class, team, audience等主語，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數形式，如果就其中的一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用複數形式。

My family is a big one我家是個大家庭。

The family are watching TV.全家人正在看電視。

6.表示時間，金錢，長度等複數名詞作主語時，通常作整體看待，謂語動詞用單數。

Five minutes is enough. 五分鐘就夠了。

Two hundred miles is not a long distance .兩百英里並不是一個很長的距離。

Two dollars is too dear .十塊錢太貴了。

7.動名詞和不定式(短語)作主語時，後面的謂語動詞用單數。

To talk with him is a great pleasure .和他談話是一件非常愉快的事情。

Seeing is believing .眼見為實。

三.同步測試

Ⅰ.單項選擇

rally ____ , women live longer than men .

A. saying B. to speak C. spoken D. speaking

2.－Do you write to your parents very____ ?

－Not really. Only____.

A. all the year round B. at the end

C. from time to time D. sooner or later

3.－How much exercise is enough for people each day ?

－It’s hard to say, because the health condition is different____ .

A. from time to time B. from person to person

C. from area to area D. a great deal

parents left him ____ money .

A. a great deal of B. a great many

C. a large number of D. thousands of

5.I’m sorry to say that you haven’t ____ full use of your time .

A. settled B. referred C. made D. got

got married and ____ near Paris .

A. settled B. noticed C. hunted D. exploited

in is famous ____ its beautiful mountains and lakes .

A. in B. from C. for D. by

es live ____ milk .

A. for B. on C. by D. from

than one member ____ needed in the match .

A. is B. are C. be D. is to

singer and dancer ____ their party .

A. are to attended B. is attended

C. were to attended D. is to attend

11.I’m sorry I have no money to ____

A. remain B. cost C. take D. spare

man and woman must try ____ best to help the goverment plant trees.

A. his B. cost C. take D. our

13.－Have all the villagers left yet ?

－No, A woman with her four children in the house .

A. remains B. remain C. is remained D. are remained

officials didn’t see the cloth ____ the thread ____ the cheats .

A. made from, by B. made of ,by C. making from, it D. make of ,by

works of Karl Marx, of course, ____ worth studying .

A. is B. are C. has D. have

her she’s coming or not ____ too much .

A. matter B. doesn’t , matter C. don’t matter D. matters about

17.I as well as they ____ help you .

A. are ready to B. is ready for C. am ready to D. are ready for

third of the population here ____ workers.

A. is B. are C. has D. be

Chinese ____ a hardworking people .

A. is B. has been C. are D. have been

y picture except those two ____

A. has sold B. have sold C. has been sold D. have been sold

Ⅱ.閲讀理解

Webb, who was told by doctors that she would never hear again, lived for six years in a world of silence .

But yesterday she heard a black bird sing in the garden of her home in Brighton, Sussex.“My hearing is coming back---and it’s wonderful,”she said .

Mrs. Webb, aged 26, is said to be the first woman in Britain to have her hearing brought back by acupuncture(針炙), which is widely practised in China .

After six months’ treatment she can listen to music again, carry on a conversation with the help of a hearing aid ---and has got a job as a typist on the South Eastern Electricity Board.

“It’s nice to hear people talk,”she said in her home in standstead Crescent, Woodingden, Brighton.

Mrs. Webb began to lose her hearing at the age of 12 after a serious illness.“By the age of 20 I had no hearing at all.”

“A friend of mine told me about acupuncture and I went weekly for treatment. One night when I was in the kitchen I heard a faint sound and realized it was my musical kettle boiling. My hearing has slowly improved since.”

Her husband David, a 28-year-old worker, said,“She is excited by the result and is continuing the treatment.”

(From Daily Mail, May 26, 1996)

( ) story is mainly about .

A. when Mrs. Byra webb lost her hearing

B. how Chinese acupuncture is used in Britain

C. acupuncture is of great effect

D. how Brs. Byra Webb’s hearing was brought back

( ). Byra Webb most probably lost her hearing in .

A. 1990 B. 1982 C. 1976 D. 1970

( ) can be inferred from the text that .

A. Mrs. Mya Webb used to enjoy ease of mind

B. common medicine didn’t work well in improving her hearing

C. Chinese acupuncture has better efficacy(功效)in some diseases

D. Chinese medicine is better than Western medicine

( )4. The underlined phrase“carry on ”in this text can be replaced by .

A. hold B. continue C. manage D. conduct

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The World of Sights What other city has a Statue of Liberty ? a Rocketfeller Center ?Or a Bronx zoo ? Where else can you take a horse-drawn carriage through Central Park, only in New York!

( )h of the following programmes can a visitor have only in New York ?

A. To enjoy roast Beijing duck..

B. To taste the finest French coq au vin.

C. To spend an evening with Beethoven.

D. To see the Statue of Liberty.

( ) the text we know that“Rembrandt”is most likely the name of a famous .

A. singer B. painting C. play D. painter

( ) the writer really wanted to do is to .

A. try to persuade readers to pay a visit to New York

B. give readers some information about New York.

C. supply readers some wonderful programmes in New York

D. help readers to get a better understanding of New York