<<陳老師課堂>>重點難點點撥 高二英語 Unit 15

Lesson 57

1. Mr. Ball has just called on Mrs. Zhu to give her a message. 波爾先生剛剛來拜會了朱太太向她轉達了一個口信. call on sb. = to visit sb. formally拜訪; 去會見某人;(正式) = drop in on sb.(非正式); 例如: Tom called on Dick at his office yesterday afternoon. 湯姆昨天下午到迪克的辦公室去拜訪了他. She called on her teacher once a month. 她每月去拜會她的老師一次. call on sb. to do sth. 叫/ 請某人幹某事; 號召某人幹某事; 例如: The chairman of the meeting called on Dr. Smith to speak. 會議主席請史密斯博士講話. Many of the songs called on the workers to take up the struggle. 那些歌曲中有許多是號召工人們堅持鬥爭的. call in召來; call for要求; call back回電話; call at some place訪問; 探視某地 = drop in at some place 例如: He called at the hospital after work to find out whether Mr. King was better. 下班後他去了醫院想看看 “金先生”是否好了些.

2. He is here on a visit from Guangzhou. 他從廣州來此地參觀.

3. I ‘ve got some personal affairs that I have to see to. 我有一些私人事務非處理不可. 1). affairs n. 重大而複雜的事; 例如: affairs of states國家事務; foreign affairs外交事務; 而business則指 “一般性事務, 尤指商務.” 例如: Let’s get down to business. 我們來談正事吧. *** affairs用複數, 而business不用複數. 2). see to處理(某事); 負責做(某事); 照顧(某人); 例如: Who is seeing to the arrangements for the next meeting? 誰來負責下次會議? I’ll see to the actual business. 實際工作我會去做的. See to the fire. 當心煙火.

4. Mrs. Zhu, I called to tell you that the conference has been delayed until the 15th and 16th. 朱太太, 我來此告訴你大會已經被推遲到十五日和十六日了. delay vt. 推遲; vi. 使遲到; 耽擱; 例如: We delayed the meeting for a week. 我們把會議推遲了一週. ***只能説delay doing sth. 不能説delay to do sth. 再如: She delayed for two hours and missed the train. 她耽擱了兩個小時誤了火車. They are trying to delay until help arrives. 他們設法拖延, 等待援助到來.

5. I meant to tell you yesterday, but you were not in your office.. 我本打算昨天告訴你, 但你不在辦公室. Mean to do sth. 意欲; 打算幹某事; 例如: I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我並不是打算要傷害你的. Mean doing sth. 意味着做某事; 例如: If you accept the job, that means moving to another city. 如果你接受那件工作, 那就意味着你要搬家到另一個城市去. Revolution means liberating the productive forces. 革命就是解放生產力.

6. It’s time that I went and picked up my little girl from school.= It’s time for me to go and pick up my little girl from school. 我該去學校接我小女兒了. 1). It’s time that + 主語 + 動詞過去式 / 或 should + 動詞原形(should不能省略) +其它 例如: It’s time we started our class. 我們該上課了. It’s time that you should go to bed / went to bed. 你該去睡覺了. 2). pick up接(某人)上車; 撿起某物; (天氣, 身體, 形勢等)好轉; 聽見; 學會(語言); 例如: I’ll pick you up at your place at 8 o’clock. 我八點鐘去你那兒接你. Her health soon picked up after a few days rest. 休息了幾天之後, 他的身體很快復元了. The equipment picked up the signal from the satellite. 設備接受到了衞星發出的信號. She soon picked up French when she went to live in France. 她去法國定居後很快就學會了法語.

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Lesson 58

1. Well known from his expert advice, he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs. 他在探索方面的足智多謀是廣為人知的，他能夠幫助許多人解決他們的私人事務. 1). well known for his expert advice = as he was well known for his expert advice. 過去分詞短語做狀語, 説明句子的謂語was able to help的原因, 過去分詞短語做狀語可以表示原因，時間，條件. 例如: Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling. 由於出生在一個貧困的家庭中, 他只上過兩年學. (原因) Encouraged by Jim’s words, he continued his research work. 受到了吉姆鼓勵, 他繼續進行他的研究工作. (原因) Seen from the hill, the city looks very beautiful. 從山頂上往下看這個城市非常美. (時間/條件) 2). expert advice內行的意見, expert n.專家; adj. 內行的; 常與at, in連用. 例如: All the young men are expert drivers. 所有的這些年輕人都是駕駛能手. An expert at / in cooking一位烹調方面的專家; an expert on foreign affairs一位外交專家.

2. One day a young lady came to visit Sherlock Holmes with a personal problem 有一天，一位年輕的女士帶着她的私人問題來拜訪舍洛克福爾摩斯. 1). personal affairs 私人事務; personal letters私人信件; 2). visit n. vt. 參觀; 訪問; pay / make a visit to sb. / some place訪問某人 / 參觀某地; be on a visit to sb / some place 訪問某人 / 參觀某地; 名詞visit後面必須接介詞to再接人 / 地方. 例如: They paid a visit to london last year. 他們去年訪問了倫敦. He left here on a visit to France. 他離開此地去法國訪問.

3. Often at night she would hear a long low whistle and the sound of a metallic noise. 她經常在夜裏聽到長長的低沉的口哨和金屬的響聲. would與used to的區別: 情態動詞would表示過去習慣性反覆出現的動作, 它與used to的區別是: would只表示過去的習慣動作, 不表示狀態. 它常帶有過去的時間狀語, 因此不涉及與現在對比. 而used to則表示過去常常發生的事或存在的狀況, 言下之意是現在大不相同了. 試請比較下面兩組句子: 1. When we were children we would go swimming every summer. 小時候我們每年夏天都去游泳. (現在很可能在夏天還去游泳) He used to be a quiet boy. 他過去曾是個安靜的男孩. (現在不安靜) 2. I used to go to my office on foot. 我過去步行去上班. (現在乘坐交通工具) He would often climb a mountain when young. 他年輕時經常去爬山. (現在很可能還經常去爬山)

4. Her uncle seemed to be acting rather strangely towards her 她叔叔對她的態度似乎很怪. act vi. 行為; 舉止;（翻譯比較靈活）例如: The boy was acting badly in school. 這孩子過去在學校一直表現很壞. He is more than forty but acts like a child. 他已經四十多歲了，但舉止仍像個孩子. My grandma acted kindly towards / to my sister and me. 我奶奶對我和姐姐很親切. act wrongly to sb. 對待某人不公正; act strangely to sb. 對待某人陰陽怪氣的;

5. They have ever quarrelled several times 他們甚至還吵了好幾次架. quarrel vi. 吵架; 爭吵; 挑毛病; 例如: We don’t like him, he is always quarrelling with people. 我們不喜歡他, 他總是和人吵架. It is no use quarrelling about it with me. 這事情與我吵架沒有用處

6. I dare say my uncle will. 我相信我叔叔會得到這筆錢. I dare say … 在句中可做主句或插入語. 例如: I dare say that no one can catch up with us. 我相信沒有人能趕上我們. I dare

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say that we will certainly win the game. 我相信我們將贏得比賽. These young students, I dare say, can pass the entrance examination. 這些學生能夠通過入學考試, 我相信.

7. I can see it fastened to a nail next to the hole in the wall, but it is not fastened to that wire. 我看到繩子是系在洞口旁邊的釘子上, 而不是系在那根鐵絲上. fasten vt. 固定某物. 例如: Please fasten your seat-belts. 請繫好安全帶. Have you fastened all the doors and windows ? 你把所有的門窗都關嚴了嗎? fasten A and B; fasten sth. on / to sth. 把某物固定在另一物上; 把兩物牢牢地聯在一起; 例如: He fastened the two sheets of paper with a pin. 他用大頭針把兩張紙釘在一起. He fastened his eyes on me . 他緊緊盯着我.

8. A few building repairs were done a month ago. 一個月前房子進行了幾處維修. do repairs / make repairs維修; 修理; 例如: The swimming pool will not be open to the public this week, for the workers are making repairs. 游泳池本週將不對外開放, 因為工人們正在搞內部裝修. Repairs done while you wait. 修理迅速, 立等可取.

9. Your life is in danger. There is no doubt about it. 你有生命危險, 這是肯定無疑的. 1). there is no doubt about it. 這個句型表示某人對某事有把握, 毫不懷疑. 例如: We will be successful. There is no doubt about it. 我們將取得成功, 這是肯定無疑的. 2). There is no doubt + that引導的同位語從句. 例如: There is no doubt that he will come in time. 他將及時到來, 這是肯定無疑的. There is no doubt that your life is in danger. 你有生命危險, 這是肯定無疑的. 3). doubt n. 懷疑; 不確定; 例如: There is not much doubt about it . 這事沒有什麼可疑之處. vt. 懷疑; 例如: Do you doubt my words? 你懷疑我説的話? I don’t doubt that he will come on time. 我確信他會準時來到的. I doubt whether he’ll come. 我不確定他是否會來. *** doubt後面的賓語從句, 如主句是肯定的, 則引導詞可用if / whether; 如主句是否定的, 則用that . 4) . 有關doubt的習語: in doubt 不確定; no doubt確實; with doubt不確定; beyond all doubt 無疑; 例如: His recovery is still in doubt. 他能否恢復健康還説不定. Wang Shaohe is no doubt the cleverest student in our school. 王少鶴無疑是我校最聰明的學生. Deng Yaping was beyond all doubt the best table tennis player of her day. 鄧亞萍無疑是她那個時代最優勢的乒乓球運動員.

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Lesson 59

1. From that moment on they sat in silence. 自那以後他們就默不作聲地坐着. 1). 介詞短語from that moment on從那時起; from now on從現在起; from today on從今天起; from next month on從下個月起; 例句: From that time on he showed great interest in music. 從那時起他就對音樂感興趣了. 2). in silence = silently沉默地; 不聲不響地; 例如: The students sat there in silence. 學生們默不着聲地坐在那兒. Father likes to listen to music in silence. 爸爸喜歡默不着聲地聽音樂.

2. A pale light came through the hole in the wall. 一道微弱的燈光從牆洞裏透了過來. pale 淡暗的 bright 明亮的; 例如: After illness, Blanche looked pale. 病後, 布蘭齊臉色蒼白. The pale moon was reflected in the water. 淡淡的月亮倒影在水中.

3. With his stick he hit the bell rope again and again with heavy blows. 他用手杖一次又一次重重地敲打着鈴繩. 1). again and again 反覆地; 一再地; 例如: I told them again and again that they couldn’t do that. 我再三地告訴他們不能做那樣的事情. 2). with heavy blows 重重地敲打; blow n. 打擊; 打; (可數名詞); vi 吹; 刮; 例如: The policeman struck him a blow that sent him to the ground. 警察一下把他打倒在地上. I gave the man a heavy blow on the head. 我狠狠地在那個人頭上打了一下. The wind was blowing hard that night. 那天夜裏風颳得很大. 3). hit 打中; 擊中; strike 用力敲打; beat 連續地擊打; 例如: He struck the table angrily. 他怒氣衝衝猛拍桌子. A stone hit him on the head. 一顆石子打中了他的頭部. The rain beat the windows heavily. 雨點重重地擊打着窗户.

4. They broke into the uncle’s bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. 他們強行衝進叔父的卧室，發現他躺在地上，已經死了. break into = to enter by force 強行進入; 闖入; 例如: The thief broke into the bank and stole a lot of money. 那個賊闖進銀行, 偷走了許多錢. We had to break into the house because we had lost the key . 因為我們丟了鑰匙, 我們只好破門而入了.

5. Around his head was a brown snake. 一條棕色的蛇纏住了他的頭. 狀語前置時需要例置主語名詞和謂語. 例如: In front of the house sat a little boy. 門前坐着一位小男孩. Along the road stands rows of tall trees. 沿途長着一排排高大的樹木. Into the forest flew the birds. 鳥兒 “嗖” 地一下子飛入樹林子不見了.

6. The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise. 那位年輕的女士一聽到響聲就衝進房間. immediately she heard the noise = as soon as she heard the noise; 句中的immediately可以充當連詞, 引導時間狀語從句. 例如: The students ran out of the classroom immediately the bell rang. 鈴一響, 學生們就跑出了教室. 另外 the moment; every time; each time也可用着連語, 引導時間狀語從句.

7. You were supposed to die like that. 你本該象這樣死去. be supposed to …應該……; 理應……; 例如: My brother is supposed to wash dishes today. 今天該我弟弟涮碗. She is supposed to be reading at home, but her mother found her in the park. 她今天本應在家學習, 但她母親卻在公園裏發現了她. be not supposed to do sth. 不可以做某事; 例如: You are not supposed to go there. 你不能去那兒.

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Lesson 60

Language Study

過去分詞做定語和狀語

動詞的過去分詞是一種非謂語動詞形式. 其主要特點是表示被動與完成. 過去分詞的構成方式: 規則動詞一般在動詞原形上加-ed; 不規則動詞可以參照不規則動詞表. 過去分詞在句中具有形容詞和副詞的作用或性質. 可以充當表語, 定語, 狀語和補足語.

1. 過去分詞做定語:

過去分詞做定語相當於一個形容詞, 單個的過去分詞做定語一般放在被修飾的詞的前面, 但是其短語形式做定語時一般放在被修飾的詞的後面. 過去分詞做定語, 在意義上相當於謂語是被動語態的定語從句. 例如:

His father is a retired worker. 他的父親是一位退休工人.

I have his written promise. 我有他的書面諾言.

This is boiled water. 這是開水.

Those are finished products. 那些是成品.

He is a young teacher (who is) loved by all. 他是一個年輕老師, 大家都喜歡他

The polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health. 被污染的空氣和水對健康有害.

I hate to see letters (which were) written in pencil.我討厭看用鉛筆寫的信.

2. 過去分詞做狀語:

過去分詞相當於一個副詞, 可用來做狀語, 通常表示時間, 原因, 條件, 或伴隨情況(行為方式)等. 例如:

Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. 從山上看這座城市顯得很美麗.

Moved by his words, I accepted his present. 被他的話所感動我接受了他的禮物.

Injured in the leg, he couldn’t walk any further. 大腿受了傷, 他幾乎一步也走不了了.

Deeply moved by what he said, I promised to help him. 我為他的話深深打動, 答應幫他.

Given more time, we could do it better. 給我們更多的時間, 我們能做得更好.

United we stand, divided we failed. 團結則存, 分裂則亡.

The teacher stood there, surrounded by many students. 老師站在那兒, 身旁圍着許多學生.

The glass fell to the ground broken into pieces. 玻璃杯掉到地上摔得粉碎.

We went home exhausted. 我們疲憊不堪地回家了. (方式)

He won’t come to the party unless invited. 除非邀請否則他不會來參加聚會的.

We will not attack unless attacked. 人不犯我, 我不犯人.

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