<<陳老師課堂>>重點難點點撥 高二英語 Unit 20

Lesson 77

1. Sun Yao meets a tourist outside a hotel in Beijing. 孫遙在北京一家賓館外遇見了一位遊客. meet vt. 碰見; 接人/車; 接觸; meet with sb. 邂逅/與某人會唔. meet with sth. 遭遇到…例如: Her hand met mine. 她的手碰到了我的手. The president met with Dr. Smith at breakfast. 早餐時總裁會見了史密斯博士. I met with Wu Min in Xian. 我在西安遇到了吳民. You will probably meet with many difficulties. 你將可能會遇見許多困難.

2. Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine. 希望明天是晴天. 1). 句中的hopefully adv. 有希望地. 常用於句首, 表示將來的狀況. 例如: Hopefully we will win. 希望我們能獲勝. Hopefully our guests will be here by 11:00. 希望客人們在十一點鐘前來到.*** 有一類副詞, 表示説話人的觀點, 常常獨立用於句首. 如: frankly; personally; luckily; obviously; generally; actually; fortunately. 例如: Fortunately, no one was hurt. 幸運的是, 沒有人受傷. Frankly, I’m not satisfied with your studies. 坦率地説, 我對你的學習不滿意. Obviously, he needs help. 很顯然, 他需要幫助. 2). turn out 證明是; 最後情況是…例如: Everything turned out well. 結果一切都很好. It turned out that he was right. 結果證明了他是對的. The boy turned out successful after all. 這個男孩終於還是成功了. 此外turn out 還有 “生產; 出來” 之意. 如: The works turns out 500 trucks every day. 那家工廠每天生產500輛汽車. A lot of people turned out to see the fireworks last night. 昨晚許多人出來觀看焰火.

3. I’ve always dreamt of coming to China, and now my dream has come true. 我一直嚮往到中國來, 現在我的心願實現了. 1). dream v 夢想 n 夢; 心願. dream of 嚮往; 渴望; 夢想. 例如: I never dreamt that I’d see you again. 沒想到又見到你了. He dreams of one day becoming a famous violinist. 他夢想有一天能成為一個小提琴家. Her dream of becoming an engineer came true at last. 她當工程師的願望終於實現了 .2). come true really hap- pen 變成現實.

4. How do you manage in your wheelchair? 你坐輪椅怎樣在中國旅行的呢? manage vi. 能辦到; 設法解決;vt. 設法完成/解決(某件困難的事) 例如: Can I carry the box for you? No, thanks, I can manage. 我替你拎箱子行吧? 不用啦, 謝謝你. 我自己來. How did you manage without a job? 沒有工作你是怎樣維持生活的呢? He managed to escape from the fire. 他設法從大火中逃了出來. manage 與try 的區別. manage 設法完成了 try設法去完成, 多半表示完不成. 試比較: He tried to work out the problem, but failed. 他試着解答這道難題, 但沒解出來. He managed to work out the problem. 他設法算出了這道難題.

5. I seldom have any difficulties. 我很少遇到困難. seldom adv. 很少; 不常. (含否定意義). 例如: I’ve seldom seen such a big apple. 我很少見到這麼大的蘋果. They seldom go out for dinner. 他們很少到外面就餐. ***Mary seldom hears from him, does she? seldom 句子後接反意疑問句時, 用肯定式. 類似的詞還有hardly; rarely; never; little等.

6. …even though I can’t see everything. 即使我不能看到一切,…. even though 即使; 儘管. 引導讓步狀語從句. 例如: We like English even though it is rather difficult. 我們喜歡英語, 儘管它對我們來説相當難. 它與even if 的區別在於even if 所引導的句子不一定是事實. 例如: She loves him even if he is poor. 那怕他貧窮她也愛他. (實際上他並不窮)

1.

Lesson 78

1. In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. 在英國一所大學的報告廳內坐着一位教授. 這是一個倒裝句, 主語放在最後. 再如: Next to the hole was a nail, to which a bell rope was fastened. 洞口旁邊釘着一枚釘子, 鈴繩就係在釘子上. By the window stood an old man. 靠着窗户坐着一位老人.

2. That is because this professor has a disease which prevents him from speaking, 這位教授得了一種病, 使他不能講話了. 1). disease 與illness 的區別. disease 病毒性疾病 illness 一般性疾病 例如: The doctor’s business is to prevent and cure disease. 醫生的職責是防治疾病. I was laid up for six weeks with a very serious illness. 我因患重病卧牀六個禮拜. 2). prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人幹某事; (主動語態中from 可以省略) 例如: Illness prevented the scientist from carrying on his experiment. 疾病使那位科學家不能進行實驗. Senses prevented him doing such a foolish thing. 理智促使他不做那樣的蠢事. Nothing can prevent her doing so. 什麼都無法阻止他那樣做. 以上句子中的prevent可換成stop, 意思不變. ***keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人幹某事 == keep sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直幹某事; 比較: The church bells keep me from sleeping. 教堂裏的鐘聲使我無法入睡. Don’t keep your car running too fast. 別讓你的車開得太快.

3. Not only does he have to type out the answer on a computer, but he also gets the computer to translate it into sounds. 他不僅要把答語在計算機上打出來, 而且還要讓計算機把答語轉變為聲音. 倒裝句: 把謂語的一部分或全部放在主語前面. 含有否定意義的副詞never; not; little; seldom; hardly; not only放在句首時, 常用倒裝句型. 例如: Not a single mistake did he make. 他一點錯誤也沒有出. Not only did he say so, but he did so. 他不僅這樣説了, 也這樣做了.

4. Although he had a disease of the brain which was getting worse, he decided to continue with his research and his writing. 雖然他患有日益嚴重的腦病, 但他決定繼續從事研究和寫作. continue with sth. 繼續着某事, 例如: Please continue with your discussion 請繼續討論. It’s late in the night; the teacher continues with his work. 已經是深夜了, 老師還在繼續工作. continue to do sth. = continue doing sth. 繼續幹某事; 例句: You can continue to use / using the lab after class. 下課後你可以繼續使用實驗室. continue sth. 繼續某事, They decided to continue their struggle. 他們決定繼續鬥爭. We can’t continue our journey tomorrow, as there will be a storm. 因為明天有暴風雨, 我們不能繼續旅行了.

5. In 1988 his book “A Brief History of Time” became a best-seller. 一九八八年, 他的那本<<關於時間的歷史>>的書成了暢銷品. best-seller 暢銷貨 sell v 賣 seller 賣方; 出售的東西; sellsman / sellsgirl 售貨員; sellmanship 推銷術. sale n 出售

6. History is full of other examples of successful people with disabilities. 歷史上作出成就的殘疾人不勝枚舉. full adj. 滿的 full of sth. fill vt. 裝滿 例如: he received baskets full of cards, letters and telegrams of congratulation. 他收到了滿滿幾籃子賀信, 賀卡和賀電. He filled the glass with water. 他把杯子裝滿水. ***The glass was filled with water. = The glass was full of water. 杯子裏裝滿了水. (這兩個句子都表示狀態)

2.

Lesson 79

1. Some people have the wrong attitude towards people with disabilities, considering them to be stupid. 有些人對待殘疾人的態度不對, 認為他們愚蠢. attitude n. 態度; 看法, 後常接to; towards或on. 例如: I dislike her unfriendly attitude. 我討厭她那不友好的態度. What is her attitude to school? 她對待學習的態度怎麼樣? I realized that all my attitudes on these matters were completely wrong. 我認識到我對這些問題的所有看法都完全錯了.

2. As a matter of fact, many people have a disability. 事實上, 許多人身體都有某種缺陷. as a matter of fact = in fact 事實上; 實際上. 例如: He appears to be strong and healthy, but as a matter of fact, he suffers a very weak heart. 他外表顯得很健康, 實際上, 他的心臟很衰弱. He told us he’d seen it, but as a matter of fact he wasn’t really there. 他告訴我們他曾目睹那件事, 但實際上他並不曾到過現場.

3. it is possible that one day we will end up with a disability. 很可能某一天我們終究會變成殘疾. end up with 以……結束; begin / start with 以……開始; 例如: The birthday party started with a song of “Happy Birthday to You”, and ended up with the song of “Auld Lang Syne”. 生日聚會以<<祝你生日快樂>>開始, 以<<友誼地久天長>>結束. We ended the dinner up with fruit and coffee. 我們最後以水果和咖啡結束了晚餐.

4. It is often thought that disabilities are total. 人們常常認為殘疾就是完全殘廢. total adj. 全部的; 完全的. (做定語) 例如: The total number of people present is 258. 全部出席人數是258人. What is the total cost of these books ? 這些書的全部成本是多少?

5. People would often be referred to as deaf or blind. 有些人常常被稱之為 “聾子”, “瞎子”. refer to 涉及; 提到; 針對; 有關; 提交; 查資料; 參考; 把…歸功於. 例如: the question referred to 所談到的問題; The new law does not refer to farm land. 新法律與耕地無關. The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturers. 商店把投訴轉交給製造商. refer to the diction- ary 查字典; The teacher referred him to chapter V. 老師叫他參閲第五章. He referred his success to the good teaching he had had. 他把他的成功歸於他以前所受的良好教育. refer to sb. as …. 稱…….為……. We would often refer to some people as “deaf” or “blind”. 我們常常會把一些稱之為 “聾子”或“啞巴”.

6. What needs to be done to make life easier for people with disabilities? 需要做些什麼才能使殘疾人的生活過得舒適些呢? 當主語是物時, need 後面接動名詞主動形式或動詞不定式被動形式. 例如: The house needs to be cleaned / cleaning. 這房子需要打掃. 再如: Theses trees and flowers need to be watered / watering. 這些樹木花卉需要澆水. 如果主語是人, need後面接動詞不定式. 但如果人也是該動作的邏輯賓語, 則need後面接動名詞主動形式或動詞不定式被動形式. 請對比: The old man needs to buy a walking stick. 那位老人需要買一根手杖. The old man needs to be looked after / looking after. 那位老人需要被照料.

7. But the truth is that everyone should take care of disabled people, not just the government. 其實人人都應當關心殘疾人, 而不只是政府. The truth is that….= The fact is that…. 例如: I didn’t ring him up, the truth is that I forgot. 我沒有給他打電話, 實在是忘記了.

3.

Lesson 80

Grammar Study : The Inversion

倒裝指的是把謂語放在主語之前. 倒裝的原因, 一是語法結構的需要, 再則是為了加強語氣. 倒裝分為部分倒裝(將助動詞或情態動詞移前)和全部倒裝. 我們應掌握下列句型:

1). only 所修飾的副詞, 介詞短語或狀語從句位於句首時, 要部分倒裝. 例如:

Only in this way can you solve the problem. Only by this means can we kill the pests.

Only then / at the age of 18 / when I left school did I realize that English is very important.

但如果only修飾的是主語, 則不要倒裝. 如: Only Mr. Li went there.

2). 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞, 如never, not, little, seldom, not only, hardly…when…, not until, no sooner… than…, neither, never, before 等, 放在句首時, 要部分倒裝. 例如: Not a single mistake did he make. Seldom does she show her feelings before me.

Never shall I forget it. Not only is she very beautiful, but she is also very learned.

Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started. Never before has our country

become as strong as it is today. Not until lately have I known she is Li Mei’s sister.

3). 在以here, there, out, in, up, down, away等副詞開頭的句子裏, 要完全倒裝. 例如:

There goes the bell. Here comes the bus. Out rushed the children.

Away went the boy. Here is a letter for you. Down fell the bird with a gunshot.

但是當主語是人稱代詞時則不能倒裝. 請注意下面的句子中的主語謂語順序.

There she comes. Here you are. Away he went. Up it flew.

4). 把so放在句首, 表示前面所説的肯定情況也適應於另一人或物.

其句型是: So + be / 助動詞 / 情態動詞 + 主語 例如:

You can drive a car. So can I . He has been to Peking. So have you.

She is a teacher. So am I. I saw the film last week. So did she.

4). 把neither / nor放在句首, 表示前面所説的否定情況也適應於另一人或物.

其句型是: Neither / Nor + be / 助動詞 / 情態動詞 + 主語 例如:

I have never been there, neither has he. The first one isn’t good, neither is the second.

I didn’t read the notice on the blackboard, nor did he .

5). There be 結構使用倒裝形式. 例如:

In China there are about 50 million people with disabilities.

There are many different kinds of moon cakes on the table.

6). 用於so…that…或 such… that…表示程度的狀語從句中. so 或such 放句首. 例如:

So simple did it seem that we were sure to learn it in no time.

So excited was she at the news that she couldn’t say a word.

7). 直接引語的一部分或全部放在句首時, 主句的主謂結構倒裝. 例如:

“Everybody must bring a 2B pencil with you tomorrow.” said the teacher.

“What the child said is true.” said the father. “What does it mean?” asked the boy.

但如果表示説話的人是代詞時就不用倒裝語序. 例如:

“Shall we have an examination tomorrow?” she asked.

4.