Unit 11 The Merchant of Venice

【知識點】

1．重點詞彙、短語、句型結構

1）greedy, mercy, desire, trial, bless

2）be in love with, on condition, scold sb. for sth. , have mercy on, read out, take…in one's arms, at the mercy of, play the role of, be seated, take pride in, do the deed

3）I never knew so young a lady with so wise a head.

2．課文掌握程度

通過對本單元的學習，瞭解正義終究會戰勝邪惡，同時應瞭解到友情、親情是取得成功的必要保障。

3．重點語法

複習不定式的用法。

4．交際要求　

就餐時的習慣表達法。

【重點難點講解】

1，At the time of this story, they were all at sea. 在這個故事發生的時候，他的所有船隻都在海上。

這裏的be at sea 是"下海，出海"的意思。

關於sea的用法小結：

1）at sea表示在"茫茫大海上"，意指"離海岸很遠"。如：

Now his ships were all at sea. 現在他的船都出海了。

The ship hit an iceberg and buried at sea. 這條船撞上了冰山葬身海底。

Several ships were lost at sea owing to the hurricane. 由於颶風，好幾艘船在海上失蹤。

They had first met at sea. 他們在海上航行時首次見面。

2）at sea前面加上all或completely時，引伸為"茫然不知所措"之意。如：

I'm all at sea. I can't understand that problem. 我簡直是一片茫然，我無法理解這個問題。

He was all at sea when he began his new job. 他開始新工作時，茫然不知所措。

Would you please explain it again? I'm all at sea. 你是否再解釋一下，我一點也不懂。

The girl was completely at sea when her mother scolded her. 當母親責怪她時，她簡直一片茫然。

3）請注意by sea與by the sea的區別，前者表示"經海路"，後者表示"在海邊"。

How did you go there? by train? No, we went there by sea.

你們怎麼到那裏去的？乘火車？不，我們乘船去那裏。

The Turners lived by the sea. 特納一家住在海邊。

4）注意go to the sea與go to sea的區別，前者意為"去海濱"（度假或野餐），後者表示"去當水手"。

Last Sunday, the students in Class Two went to the sea. 上星期天二班的學生去海邊玩。

"I want to go to sea when I grow up." said the boy to his mother. 這小孩對母親説："我長大了要去當水手。"

2，Bassanio, Antonio's best friend, was in love with Portia, a rich and beautiful lady who also loved him.

安東尼奧的摯友巴薩尼奧愛上了一位富有而美麗的女子鮑西婭，而鮑西婭也愛他。

be in love with 意為"與……戀愛，愛上"。

He has never been in love with anybody before. 他從來沒有愛上過誰。

She was in love with the paintings he had painted. 她喜愛他畫的畫。

短語fall in love with 也是"愛上"的意思。

We fell in love with the garden as soon as we saw it. 一看見那個花園我們就喜愛上了它。

3，Have mercy on Antonio, Shylock. Do not be so bitter. 寬恕安東尼奧吧，夏洛克。不要這樣懷恨在心。

如：Have mercy on me. 寬恕我吧。

They had no mercy on their prisoners. 他們對囚犯毫無憐憫之意。

He showed mercy to the defeated enemy. 他寬恕了被打敗的敵人。

4，It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. Don't wait any longer. Pass judgement on me and give Shylock what he wants. 跟夏洛克講理是沒有用的。別再等待了。對我宣判吧，把夏洛克想要得到的東西給他。

但也可以説：It is useless to do sth.

5，This is a most troublesome case. 這是一個非常麻煩的案子。

a most troublesome＝a very troublesome，又如：He is a kindest man.

＝He is a very kind man.／This is a most interesting film.

＝This is a very interesting film.

形容詞最高級前加a與加the含義不同，比較下列句子：

【詞語辨析】

1，flesh與meat的區別

flesh和meat都解釋為肉，但涵義有所不同，flesh指人或動物身上的肉，如指食用肉，則專指獸類的肉，不包括魚禽類的肉。如：

Mr Green is losing flesh. 格林先生瘦了。

Have you ever tasted the flesh of the snake? 你嘗過蛇肉嗎？

You should get up early and do some exercise. Otherwise, you'll put on flesh.

你應該早起鍛鍊，否則會發胖的。

The Great Wall was made only of stone and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.

長城不僅是用石頭和泥土砌成，而且是幾百萬人的血肉所組成。

meat指供食用的獸類肉，是獸類肉的總稱，如pork, mutton, beef. 可統稱為meat有時也指植物的肉。如：the 　meat of an apple. 如：

What kind of meat is it? 這是什麼肉。

I like meat while my brother likes fish. 我喜歡吃肉，而我弟弟喜歡吃魚。

注： meat是不可數名詞，"一塊肉"是a piece of meat. "一磅肉"是a (one) pound of meat. 我們看到的meats是指多種肉。

2，find與find out的區別

find是"偶然或通過一番經歷而發現"；而find out則指通過調查，研究，觀察等查明原因，發現真相，請比較下列句子。

I found him dishonest. 我發現他不誠實。

As soon as the facts have been found out, we can begin to draw the conclusion.

一搞清事實，我們就可以開始做結論。

I found I had made a mistake. 我發現我出了個錯。

We have not been able to find out who broken the window. 我們至今還未發現是誰打破了窗子。

This precious mineral is found in several provinces. 這種貴重的礦物在好幾個省都有發現。

Try to look up the new word in the dictionary to find out its exact meaning.

要弄清這個生詞的確切意思還是去查查詞典。

【語法】

1，倍數的表示方法

times作“倍數”解釋時，是可數名詞，用times表示“A是B的幾倍大（或高、長、寬、深等）”，“A比B大（高、長、寬、深等）幾倍”，常見的句型如下：

1）A is three times (four etc) the size (height、length、width、depth、etc) of B.

The new bridge is four times the width of the old one. 這座新橋是舊橋的四倍寬。

The meeting room is three times the size of the classroom. 會議室是教室的三倍大。

The tower is three times the height of the building. 這塔是那座樓房的三倍高。

The river is five times the depth of the brook. 這條河是小溪的五倍深。

2）A is three (four, etc) times as big (high, long, wide, deep, etc) as B. 如：

Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。

This box is three times as heavy as that one. 這個箱子是那個箱子的三倍重。

This new highway is three times as wide as the old one. 新公路是舊公路的三倍寬。

The classroom is four times as big as our bedroom. 教室是我們寢室的四倍大。

4）A is three (four, etc) times bigger (higher, longer, wider, etc) than B. 如：

The meeting room is three times bigger than our office.

會議室比我們辦公室大三倍，（會議室是我們辦公室的四倍大）

Asia is three times larger than Europe. 亞洲比歐洲大三倍。

注：用times表示倍數，一般只限於表示包括基數在內三倍或三倍以上的數，表示兩倍不用two times，而用twice或double，如：

My income is now double what it was. 我的收入是以前的二倍。

Now the number of sheep is more than double that of 1980. 現在羊的數目是一九八○年的兩倍多。

2，不定式用法歸納

動詞不定式具有名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞的多種特徵，它在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、狀語、定語、賓語補足語、主語補足語、同位語等成分。

作主語：

To master a foreign language is not easy.

It is a great pleasure to see you.（it是形式主語，to see you是實際主語）。

作賓語：

Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave the room.

He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.

作表語：

不定式作表語跟在連繫動詞之後，用來説明主語的內容。例如：

Her wish is to be a teacher.

His job is to sweep the floor.

作狀語：

不定式作狀語通常跟在不及物動詞或“be＋形容詞”之後，表示目的、原因或結果等。例如：

I’m glad to see you.(原因)

They ran over to meet a friend.他們跑過去迎接一個朋友。（目的）

I went to see him only to find him out. 我去拜訪他，不料發現他卻出去了。(結果)

They could have done better to have had some tools. 他們要是有些工具，會幹得更好。（條件）

作定語

不定式作定語只能放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之後，不能放在之前。例如：

I have got something important to tell you.

We must find a hotel to stay in tonight.

作賓語補足語

I encouraged her to play the role of queen in the play. 我鼓勵她在劇中扮演皇后角色。

I have trained the dogs not to let strangers into the castle.

作主語補足語

帶有複合賓語（賓語＋賓補）的句子改為被動語態後，句中原來的賓語變為主語，原來的賓語補足語就變成了主語補足語。例如：

He was seen to enter the laboratory. 有人看見他走進了實驗。

（比較：Someone saw him enter the laboratory.）

You are not allowed to go out alone.

作同位語

The order to start the general attack soon came. 進行總攻擊的命令很快下達了。

I had no idea where to hold the meeting.

【例題解析】

例1，----The light in the Office is still on.

----Oh, I forget ______ .

A．turning it off B．turn it off

C．to turn it off D．having turned it off

【答案】C

【解析】英語中某些動詞後既可以接不定式，又可以接動名詞作賓語，但含義不同，常見的有：

forget to do sth. 忘記要做某事

forget doing sth. 忘了做過某事

remember to do sth. 記住去做某事

remember doing sth. 記得做過某事

regret to do sth. 對將要做的事表示抱歉

regret doing sth. 後悔做過某事

此外，還有try, stop, mean, go on等。

例2，We agreed ______ here but so far she hasn't turned up get.

A．having met

B．meeting

C．to meet

D．to have met

【答案】C

【解析】某些動詞後只要求跟不定式作它的賓語。例：agree, ask, arrange, choose, dare, decide, demand, expect, fail, hope, long, learn, manage等。

例3，John was made ______ __the truck for a week as a punishment.

A．to wash

B．washing

C．wash

D．to be washing

【答案】A

【解析】see, watch, look at, feel, notice, observe, hear, listen to等感官動詞（或短語）以及使役動詞make, have, let跟不帶to的不定式作賓補，但這為類動詞變成被動語態時，小品詞"to"一定不可以省略。例如：

He was made to finish the work in an hour.

例4，The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river.

A．playing

B．to be playing

C．play

D．to play

【答案】A

【解析】當see sb. doing sth. 變成被動語態時，其句型應當為：sb. be seen doing sth. 即doing不變，不可以換成to be doing的表達形式。

例5，Paper produced every year is _____ the world's production of vehicles.（上海98，7）

A. the three times weight of

B. three times the weight of

C. as three times heavy as

D. three times as heavier as

【答案】B

【解析】要把倍數放在the weight of 前，講解請見本期的語法講解。