2012屆高考英語頂尖學案：新課標人教版Unit 3　Inventors and inventions　發明家及其發明(新課標版高考複習英語下冊教案教學設計)

核心詞彙

1．The driver took a(n)____________(突然的)turn and made his car roll down the road.

2．They invited her to visit their house on a(n)____________(方便的)date.

3．You may safely climb those steps；they’re quite____________(穩固的)．

4．What are your____________(標準)for judging a bottle of wine?

5．Every member in the committee thinks that his plan is ideal rather than____________(實際的)．

6．In the hard times，she ____________(忍受)the pain with great courage.

7．It occurred to him that he might____________(抓住)the chance to declare his own innocence.

8．Dad always drives with____________(小心)although he has driven for more than 20 years.

9．She ____________herself by her kindness and bravery as well

as a____________novelist.(distinguish)

10．用freeze的適當形式填空

(1)Tonight，temperature will fall below ____________point.

(2)I_____________with terror as the door slowly opened.

pt　enient　le　eria　tical,　e　ion　inguished；distinguished　zing；froze

高頻短語

1．________________ 給……打電話

2．________________ 偶爾；有時

3．________________ 開始；着手

4．________________ 迅速把手伸入；一心投入

5．________________ 開始(做)

6．________________ 不掛斷；稍等；緊緊握住

7．________________ 次序顛倒；發生故障

8．________________ 設法聯繫上(尤指打通電話)； (設法)做完；通過

9．________________ 回覆電話

10．________________ 掛斷電話

up　 and then　 about　 into　 out(to do)　 on　 of order　 through　 back　 off

重點句式

1．____________up，explore all around it，________before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to ________________.

跟隨它，在它的周圍探索，那麼在你知道它之前，你將有值得考慮的某些東西佔用你的大腦。

2．The criteria are __________________it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.

(評定)專利標準是很嚴格的，除非新的想法真是新穎的，否則很難被接受。

3．The next morning I got up early ____________the sun was hot.第二天早上，天還不是很熱，我就早早地起來了。

4．Now it’s __________________waiting and hoping.

現在只是一個等待和期望的事情。

ow it；and； occupy your mind　 strict that　re　4.a matter of

知識詳解

1 enient　adj.　便利的；方便的；就近的

(迴歸課本P20)They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.

他們突然一下子就消失在附近的牆洞裏去了。

[歸納拓展]

[例句探源]

①(牛津P436)You’ll find these meals quick and convenient to prepare.

你會發現準備這樣的飯既快又省事。

②(牛津P436)A bicycle is often more convenient than a car in towns.

在城鎮騎自行車常常比開車更方便。

③(北京高考) Come and see me whenever it is convenient to you.

只要你方便，隨時過來看我。

④(朗文P441)Being able to pay bills over the Internet is a real convenience.

能通過因特網支付賬單確實非常方便。

⑤(朗文P441)I’ll call in two weeks to arrange a meeting at your convenience.

我會在兩週後打電話來把會議安排在您方便的時候。

[即境活用]

1．完成句子

(1)地鐵方便快捷，但上下班高峯時也會擁擠得可怕。

Trains are fast and ________，but rush hours can be terrible.

答案：convenient

(2)所有這些東西都給人們的生活帶來了極大的便利和歡樂。

These things all ________ ________ ________ and delight to people’s lives.

答案：bring great convenience

2 inguish　vi.& vt.　辨別；顯示……的差別

(迴歸課本P20)Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.

這回我有機會來表現一下自己了，我要發明某種仁慈的東西，既可以把蛇抓到，又不會傷害到它們。

[歸納拓展]

[例句探源]

①(朗文P588)The twins are so alike，it’s difficult to distinguish one from the other.

這對雙胞胎太像了，很難分辨出誰是誰。

②(牛津P580)At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong?

兒童到什麼年齡才能明辨是非？

③(牛津P580)What was it that distinguished her from her classmates?

是什麼使她有別於班上其他同學呢？

④(牛津P580)She has already distinguished herself as an athlete.

作為運動員她已享有盛名。

[即境活用]

2．信不信由你，我羨慕你卓越的成就。

Believe it or not，I ________ ________ ________ ________.

答案：admire your distinguished achievements

3 (bore，borne)　vt.　忍受；忍耐；負擔；生育

(迴歸課本P24)I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.

我忍受不了架子上烤香腸的味道。

[歸納拓展]

[例句探源]

①(牛津P155)The pain was almost more than he could bear.

這種痛苦幾乎使他無法忍受。

②Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair?

為什麼要我負擔所有的維修費用？

③I can’t bear people smoking while he’s eating.

我無法忍受人們吃飯時吸煙。

④You must bear it in mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.

你要記住你的父母指望你成為一名好醫生。

[即境活用]

3．-Why did Bob cry?

-He couldn’t bear________like that before the whole class.

A．making fun of　　　 B．being made fun of

C．to be laughed D．being made fun

解析：選B。動詞bear後跟形式或動詞不定式作賓語，且此處應該使用被動形式。若選C，應改為：to be laughed at。

4．I can’t stand ________with Jane in the same just refuses ________talking while she works.

A．working；stopping

B．to work；stopping

C．working；to stop

D．to work；to stop

解析：選C。stand 作“忍受，容忍”講時，後跟動詞ing 形式；refuse 後跟動詞不定式作賓語，所以C項正確。

4 ciate　vt.　聯想，聯繫

　 n. 　同伴，夥伴

(迴歸課本P26)Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody’s life.

雖然人們常把他與電話的發明聯繫在一起，但是他的確是一位永不停息的探索家，不斷尋求着改善人們生活質量的途徑。

[歸納拓展]

[例句探源]

①(牛津P104)He is closely associated in the public mind with horror movies.

在公眾的心目中，他總是和恐怖電影緊密聯繫在一起。

②I don’t like these young men you’re associating with.

我不喜歡你結交的這些遊手好閒的人。

③You must bear it in mind that you should never associate with bad companions.

你必須要牢記千萬別和壞人交往。

④We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless.

我們聯合一家當地的公司，為無家可歸的人籌款。

[即境活用]

5．他希望忘記跟他過去生活有聯繫的一切東西，開始新的人生。

He wished to forget everything________ ________ ________ ________ ________and start a new life.

答案：associated with his former life

5 about　開始；着手(about 是介詞，其後常接名詞或動名詞)

(迴歸課本P20)I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.

我着手研究蛇的習性，以便能找到捕蛇的最簡易的方法。

[歸納拓展]

set down 放下；記下；登記

set out (to do) 開始做；出發，動身；

安排，擺放；陳述

[例句探源]

①(牛津P1823)We need to set about finding a solution.

我們得着手尋找一個解決方法。

②He set about his work as soon as he had finished his meal.

他一吃完飯就開始工作了。

[即境活用]

6．The moment she came back from work，she ________to clean the kitchen thoroughly.

A．set out　　　　　　B．set about

C．set off D．set up

解析：選A。考查動詞短語辨析。set out to do sth.着手做某事；set about doing sth.着手做某事；set off出發，動身，使爆炸；set up成立，建立。

6 up　給……打電話；使……回憶起

(迴歸課本P20)When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.

我給住在鄉下的母親打電話的時候，她感到很心煩。

[歸納拓展]

[例句探源]

①(朗文P271)He called me up to tell me about it.

他打電話把那件事告訴了我。

②That picture calls up memories of a holiday I had when I was a child.

那張照片使我回憶起兒時一個假期的情景。

③The Ministry of Education calls on students to exercise for an hour every day.

教育部呼籲學生每天鍛鍊一個小時。

④(朗文P274)The game was called off because of the bad weather.

比賽因天氣惡劣被取消。

⑤Why don’t you call on my sister when you’re in Brighton?

你到了布賴頓何不順便探望一下我姐姐呢？

[即境活用]

7．With the weather worsening，they have________the flight from London to Beijing.

A．called off　　　　　　 B．called in

C．called out D．called for

解析：選A。考查動詞短語辨析。句意：由於天氣變得越來越壞，他們已經取消了從倫敦到北京的航班。call off取消(某項活動)，符合語境。call in請求，收回，召來；call out大聲喊叫，召集；call for需求，要求，去接(某人)。故B、C、D三個選項均與語境不符。

8．-Please forgive me to________you________so late，but I have something urgent.

-That’s all ’s the matter?

A．call；by B．call；off

C．call；in D．call；up

解析：選D。考查短語辨析。call up給……打電話。句意：--請原諒我這麼晚給你打電話，但是我有急事。--沒關係，什麼事？call by順路來一下；call off取消；call in順路(到某處或某人的家)。

9．-Sorry，but I have to________now.I have a train to catch.

-Goodbye！Wish you a pleasant journey.

A．ring out B．call out

C．call on D．ring off

解析：選D。考查動詞短語辨析。ring off掛斷電話。

7 through　設法聯繫上(尤指打通電話)；(設法)做完；

通過

(迴歸課本P26)I can’t get through.

我打不通電話。

[歸納拓展]

get into 進入；陷入；染上(習慣)

get off (從……)下來；下車；脱下(衣服等)；

(使)動身；(飛機)起飛

get over 越過(牆等)；克服(困難、偏見等)；從

(病、損失等)中恢復過來

[例句探源]

①(朗文P868)When she finally got through，the manager wasn’t there.

當她終於打通電話時，經理卻不在那兒。

②(朗文P868)Are you willing to stand by him and get him through this difficult time?

你願意支持他，幫助他度過這段困難時期嗎？

③(陝西高考)Many homeless people get into the habit of begging to get enough money to stay alive.

許多無家可歸的人開始養成乞討謀生的習慣。

[即境活用]

10．(2009年高考四川卷)-Have you________？

-No.I had the wrong number.

A．got in　　　　　　B．got away

C．got off D．got through

解析：選D。句意：--你打通電話了嗎？--沒有，我撥錯號碼了。get in進入，抵達，收穫；get away走開，逃脱；get off(從……)下來，出發，下班，逃脱懲罰；get through完成，度過，通過，講清楚，打通電話。

句型梳理

1【教材原句】　

Prepared with some research findings，I decided on three possible approaches...(P20)

有一些研究發現作準備，我決定了三種可能的方法……

【句法分析】　Prepared with some research findings為過去分詞短語作狀語，相當於謂語動詞為被動的狀語從句，該動作和主句的主語之間存在着邏輯上的動賓關係。

①(2009年高考福建卷)Reminded not to miss the flight at 15∶20，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.

被提醒不要錯過15∶20 的航班，經理匆忙去了飛機場。

②Given more time，he can do it better.

如果給予他更多的時間，他會把它做得更好。

③Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.

＝When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.

從山頂往下看，這座公園看起來更加漂亮。

④Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.

＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.

由於受到所取得進步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。

11．(2009年高考北京卷)________twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.

A．Being bitten　　　　　　B．Bitten

C．Having bitten D．To be bitten

解析：選B。句意：因為兩次被咬，郵遞員拒絕給我們投遞信件，除非我們拴住我們的狗。過去分詞作原因狀語。主句主語the postman與bite構成被動關係，排除C項；D項為動詞不定式作目的狀語表示還未發生；A項表進行；B項表示之前兩次被咬，故選B。

[即境活用]

2【教材原句】　Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.(P25)

跟隨它，在它的周圍探索，那麼在你知道它之前，你將有值得考慮的某些東西佔用你的大腦。

【句法分析】　本題考查“祈使句＋and/then/or/＋陳述句”結構的用法。

①Work harder and/then you will succeed in your studies.

＝If you work harder，you’ll succeed in your studies.

＝Working harder，you will succeed in your studies.

如果你更加努力學習，在學習上你就會成功。

②Study hard，or you’ll fail in your exams.

＝If you don’t study hard，you’ll fail in your exams.

＝You will fail in your exams unless you study hard.

如果你不刻苦學習，你就會考不及格。

[即境活用]

12．(2011年湖南師大附中檢測)-Mum，I am afraid I won’t do well in the coming test.

-Honey，________more careful，________you will make it。

A．is；so　　　　　　B．be；and

C．be；then D．being；and

解析：選B。句意：--媽媽，我恐怕考不好了。--寶貝，再仔細些，你就會考好的。“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”相當於由if 引導的主從複合句。此句可變為：If you are more careful，you will make it.。

13．One more day，________I’ll get everything ready.

A．or B．while

C．and D．but

解析：選C。考查特殊句式。此句是“祈使句＋and＋簡單句”句型，相當於“If I have one more day，I’ll get everything ready.”。

14．(2011年江南十校測試)-Can you help me?

-Yes.________your teacher’s advice，in my opinion，and everything will be OK.

A．Follow B．Following

C．To follow D．Followed

解析：選A。此題考查句型“祈使句＋and＋一般陳述句”，in my opinion在句中作插入語。

作文指導

圖畫類作文

【體裁導航】

圖畫類的材料直觀、形象、生動，具有很大的自由發揮空間，所以，近幾年一直是高考英語寫作題的考查形式。

圖畫類材料的圖片可能是一幅或幾幅，也可能以漫畫形式出現；其寫作體裁更不固定，可以記敍，可以説明，也可以議論。但無論是何種形式，何種體裁，其寫作的過程及要求基本相同。

1．認真觀察圖片所表達的內容或內涵，分清圖與圖之間的關係，甚至要考慮到圖片表達的是何時、何地、什麼人、什麼事、過程和結果等。

2．考慮用什麼樣的體裁來寫(記敍、説明、議論都有可能)，從而確定你的寫作模式。是日記、通知，要注意其格式；是書信、Email，要注意其特定的要求或組成部分；是議論，則要把握好論點的設立，論據的選擇和論證的拓展等。

3．文章的過渡詞、過渡段在圖畫類的書面表達中起着關鍵的“潤滑”作用，可見，如何串點成文，整體劃一，關聯詞必不可少。

4．如何開頭才能做到“先聲奪人”，怎樣結尾才能令人“回味無窮”，也是要通盤考慮的問題。

【寫作示例】

請仔細觀察以下五幅圖，根據圖中信息用英語寫一篇有關第三中學優秀學生方芳的短文。

要求：1.要點齊全，適當增加細節；

2.條理清晰，行文連貫；

3.詞數：150左右。

【寫作要領】

本篇書面表達屬於看圖説話類。寫作時，首先看清要求，認真審題，確定文體、人稱和時態。這是一篇故事性的記敍文，主體時態應為一般過去時，應用第三人稱來寫。

其次，通過對五幅圖的認真觀察，得出故事的主要情節：一天夜裏，風颳得很大。方芳凌晨兩點鐘起牀，趕到學校，把窗户關好後回家。

然後仔細觀察每一幅圖，注意圖畫之間的內在聯繫，不放過每一處細節，如圖畫中鐘錶的時間為兩點鐘。

最後，根據以上的觀察和分析，開始用英文進行寫作。寫作時注意不但要把每一幅圖的信息表達出來，還要注意圖畫之間的銜接，注意使用必要的連接詞並照顧到首尾呼應。

【金點模板】

第一幅和第二幅圖(兩幅圖可根據需要放在一起進行描述)

One night，at about 2 o’clock，it began to blow outside./It was at 2 o’clock in the early morning that it began to blow.

The wind was so strong that the noise woke up Fang Fang.

The wind stuck the window open，and she felt a bit cold.

She knew a heavy rain would soon thought of her classroom.

She wondered whether the students on duty had closed the windows properly.

She got up and put on her clothes.

第三幅圖

She decided to go out right away and get to the school before the rain came.

She opened the door and rushed out into the dark to the school.

On the way，the strong wind made it difficult for her to go forward spite of this，she ran as fast as possible，and finally she got to the school.

第四幅圖

She hurried to her classroom and opened the door.

She turned on the lights and found that all the windows were open.

The strong wind made it difficult for her to shut up all the was difficult for her to .../She made great efforts to...

She made sure that all the windows were closed properly.

第五幅圖

She turned off the lights and left the classroom.

As soon as she got home，the rain started to pour down.

No sooner had she got home than the rain began to pour down.

Hardly had she got home when the rain began to pour down.

Upon/On getting home，she found the rain began to pour down.

【範文點評】

①It was nearly at 2 o’clock in the early morning that the wind began to blow was so strong that the noise woke up Fang Fang.②The wind blowing through the windows that were struck open made her feel a bit realized that a heavy rain would soon arrive.③Suddenly she thought of the windows in the classroom and wondered whether the students on duty had closed the windows properly or not.④Without hesitation，she began to put on her clothes，opened the door and rushed out into the dark to her school.

⑤On the way，the strong wind made it difficult for her to go spite of this，she ran as fast as possible and finally managed to get to the school before the rain came.⑥She hurried to her classroom，turned on the lights，and found that some of the windows were open.⑦She made great efforts to shut up all the windows one by one，fighting against the heavy wind.⑧After making sure that all the windows were properly closed，she turned off the lights and left the ly had she got home when the rain started to pour down.⑨Tired and sleepy as she was，she felt happy about the meaningful thing she had done.

【點評】

①該句使用強調句型，突出事件發生的時間是凌晨兩點。

②現在分詞作定語修飾the wind，更加生動形象；用定語從句強調風大。

③使用並列複合句，使文章句式更加多樣化。

④介詞短語用得恰到好處；一系列謂語動詞的並列使用展現出她當時急切的心情和迅速的動作。

⑤it作形式賓語。

⑥三個並列謂語表明動作的連貫與迅速，符合她當時的心情。

⑦短語make efforts to do 的使用非常貼切；現在分詞作伴隨狀語，突出她當時關窗的難度之大。

⑧準確地應用了...句式。

⑨使用as引導的倒裝句式，使文章句式豐富。

【類題嘗試】

(2011年北京海淀區第二學期期末考試)假設你是某中學的學生，3月22日(世界水日)你參加了你班開展的一系列節水宣傳活動。請根據以下四幅圖的先後順序，以日記的形式記錄當天的活動內容。注意：詞數不少於150。

參考詞彙：宣傳材料-leaflets；危機-crisis

March 22,2010　　　　　　Monday　　　　　　　Sunny

Today is World Water Day.__________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

One possible version：

March_22,2010　　　　　Monday　　　　　　　Sunny

Today is World Water the morning，we had a class meeting talking about what to do on this special lly，we reached an agreement and immediately began to make preparations for the afternoon’s activities.

At 2∶00 p． went to the neighboring community to hand out leaflets，calling on people to save nd 3 o’clock，the expert we invited made an excellent speech on the current water crisis in talked about the draught in the Southeast and the severe shortage of water in out speech had a strong appeal to all the people present，including me.

After the speech，we had a discussion with our neighbors about various ways of saving water in our daily life.I suggested turning off the tap water immediately after use，and a granny came up with the idea of reusing the water from kitchen，for example，the water after washing fruits and vegetables can be used to water flowers and so on.

Today，I have had a better understanding of the importance of saving water and really learned a lot about saving water.

（小周）