非謂語動詞講解及練習：分詞（The participle）

分詞有現在分詞（the Present Participle）和過去分詞（the Past Participle），在句中充當定語、表語、補語和狀語。

一、分詞的形式

1.現在分詞

現在分詞 Vt. (write) Vi. (go)

主動語態 被動語態 主動語態

一般式

完成式

Eg.) He hurried home, ______ (look) behind at times.

_______ (tell) many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.

_______ (not get) well prepared, they decided to put off the meeting.

________ (never operate) a computer, he met with a lot of difficulties.

2.過去分詞---一般表示完成的和被動的動作,只有一種形式, 即:動詞的過去分詞

3.否定形式---not +分詞

二、分詞的句法功能:

1. 作表語：

現在分詞作表語:一般表示主動或主語的性質和特徵, “令人……”的意思, 主語多數情況是sth.

過去分詞作表語: 一般表示被動或説明主語情感心理上的感受, “感到……的”,主語多數情況是sb.

exciting, excited

annoying, annoyed

amazing, amazed

amusing, amused

astonishing, astonished

boring, bored

confusing, confused

disappointing, disappointed

encouraging, encouraged

embarrassing, embarrassed

frightening, frightened;

inspiring, inspired

eg.) result was _______ (surprising, surprised)

They were _______ (surprising, surprised) at the news.

2.作定語： (單詞前置, 分詞短語後置；修飾代詞時後置)

A. 現在分詞表示正在進行的動作;過去分詞表示已經完成的動作。

boiling water, boiled water;

developing country, developed country;

falling leaves, fallen leaves

rising sun, risen sun, etc.

B. 表示情感心理的Vt的分詞可修飾名詞,作前置定語。

Eg.) He told us the ________ (exciting, excited) news.

The _______ (exciting, excited) pupils jumped with joy.

注意: 過分除修飾sb.以外,還可修飾表示神態、聲音等的名詞, 説明主語的心理狀態。

Eg.) He had a _________ (terrifying, terrified) look in his eyes.

The boy answered in a ________ (frightening, frightened) voice.

C.作定語時的位置

單個分詞前置, 分詞短語後置, 修飾代詞時後置---單個分詞作定語時，一般放在它所修飾的名詞前; 分詞短語作定語時，一般放在它所修飾的名詞後; 分詞在修飾由some/any/no + thing/body/one所形成的不定代詞或those之後

①單個分詞前置

a neighboring town

an unexpected guest

the exciting news

例外:These plastic bottles used can be recycled. (有時單個的分詞放在分詞後面,用於強調動作)

Do you know the number of books ordered?

②分詞短語後置

eg.) I don’t know the doctor_____ (seat) at the back.

The goods ______ (import) from abroad yesterday remain in good condition.

③分詞修飾由some/any/no + thing/body/one所形成的不定代詞或those時,分詞在這些詞之後

eg.) Those laughing are considered impolite.

Anyone swimming will be punished.

D. 作定語時, 要注意分詞所表示動作的發生時間:

① 表示正在進行的動作

eg.) Tell the children ( __ ___ )playing there not to make too much noise.

② 表示經常性動作或現在/當時的狀態

eg.) I used to live in a room facing (=___ ____ ) south.

③其他情況,一般不用現在分詞短語作定語,而用定語從句

eg.)The man who came this morning is our headmaster. (過去時)

The students who will attend the meeting (=___ attend the meeting) will arrive here tomorrow.

Is there anyone who can answer this question?

Those who have finished their work can go home now. (完成時)

注:現在分詞完成式不能用作定語修飾名詞。

Eg.) The builders having completed the hotel were given prizes. ( )

改為: The builders __ _______completed the hotel were given prizes.

區別：

the performances being put on at present

the performances put on yesterday

the performances to be put on tomorrow

E.分詞和動名詞修飾名詞時的意義區別:

a swimming boy, a swimming pool

a walking dictionary, a walking stick

running water, running track

3.作賓語(主語)補足語：

如下V.後可跟分詞作賓語補足語：

see, watch, hear, feel, find, notice, observe, catch; have, get, keep, leave, etc.

Eg.)His lecture got us______ (think).

He got his bike ____ (repair) just now.

He watched the bed _____ (carry) out of the door.

He felt a great weight _____ (take ) off his mind. 他感到心頭如釋重負。

How would you like your hair ___ (cut)?

4.作狀語：---_______________

A.作時間狀語：

eg.)①_______ (hear) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.

= _______________, they couldn’t help crying.

②When/ While( _____ _____ ) ____ (take) around the city, we were deeply impressed by the city’s new look.

While/When (I was) _____ (wander) through the square, I caught sight of a snake-charmer.

③_______ (finish) his work, he went home.

=_____________, he went home.

B.作原因狀語：

Eg.) ①_____ (be poor), he could not afford to travel abroad.

=____________, he could not afford to travel abroad.

________ (encourage) by his heroic deeds, they worked harder.

_______ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into a post.

________ (frighten) by the big forest fire, the animals all ran away.

_____ (not know) her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.

②______ (never be) to the city, he soon got lost.

_________ (not receive) his letter, I decided to call him up.

=_____________.

C.方式/伴隨狀語;

Eg.)①She watched the film, _____ (weep ) and ___ (sigh).

②The teacher stood there, ______ (surround) by a lot of students.

D.作條件狀語：

Eg.)①______ (give) another chance, I would have done the job far better.

=______________ , I would have done the job far better.

②(If) _____ (play) all day, you will waste your valuable time.

E.作結果狀語：(意料中的結果)

Eg.)① The hunters fired, _____(shoot) one of the wolves.

②The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus _____ (cause) the delay.

區別: 不定式表示意外的結果

eg.) He hurried to the station, only ____ (find) the train had left.

F.作讓步狀語：

Eg.)①Though ____ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon.

= _____________, it cleared up very soon.

②Though _____ (tell) of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.

分詞作狀語時, 需注意事項:

A.分詞短語作狀語時,它的邏輯主語通常應是________ :

____ (see) from the hill, the city is beautiful.

___ (see) from the hill, you can see the whole city.

B.分詞短語的位置:

一般來説,時間,原因,條件,讓步等分詞短語多放在句首;而表結果,伴隨的分詞短語放在句尾.

Eg.)Finding the door locked, Tom went home. ( _____ )

Tom went home, finding the door locked. （____）