談談高考聽力考點

近幾年的高考英語聽力考試大都採用3個選項、長短10段對話或獨白、20道小題的模式。影響學生聽力測試的因素很多，如：播音速度、學生素質、環境影響等，但主要因素是學生自身。學生自身的素質包括：聽力技巧、知識底藴、反映能力等，我們在教學中應當努力提高學生的自身素質，在反覆訓練的過程中不斷提高聽力技巧，增加知識儲備，增強反映能力，要想達到這一目的，研究一下高考聽力試題很有必要。究竟高考聽力考什麼知識點？怎樣設計考點？筆者列出點點，僅供參考。

一、 考主旨要義。

聽一段對話或一段獨白，要求考生判斷對話或獨白的中心思想。這樣的題目要求考生聽懂對話或獨白的大意，抓住對話或獨白的“who”、 “what”、“when ”、“where”、“how”等關鍵語句。如：錄音：

M: I wish I could get used to the American customs of Using first names .

W: We usually call good friends by their first names .

考題： What is the man talking about ?

A. The woman’s name . B. A custom that is new to him .

C. American names .

答案：B 。

又如：錄音：

W: Look! It’s snowing .

M:Yes, but it’s terribly cold today . I’m glad I have my overcoat on .

W: There is ice on the lake , too . We’ll be able to go skating this weekend .

M: Not if it’s too windy . Come on ! Let’s go back . I’m freezing .

W: You’ll just have to learn to like it . The weather in Ottawa will be like this for the next three months .

M: Yes, I know , but I wish it were shorter here .

考題：What are they talking about ?

A. Weather. B. Ottawa . C. skating .

答案：A 。

二、 考細節信息。

這樣的考題要求考生對所聽到的信息加以判斷，所聽到的信息與試卷上所給的信息表達方式不同，要求學生做出判斷。做出判斷時應注意的問題：

1.用不同的表達方式表達相同的意思，對話中或獨白中用一種表達方式，而在考題中用另外一種表達方式，這就要求學生在平時的學習中多積累同一意思不同表達的知識點。例如：錄音：

M: I don’t think your hat matches your dress .

W: But I like its style .

考題： What does the man think about the woman’s hat ?

A. It’s very good . B. It doesn’t go well with her dress . C. He likes the style .

答案：B。

2．正話反説。對話中用肯定的方式表達出來，而考題中用否定的方式表達。或者，對話中用否定的方式表達出來，而考題中用肯定的方式表達。例如：錄音：Kate was out when Joe called at her office this morning .

考題：Which sentence has the same meaning as the one you hear ?

A. Kate wasn’t in when Joe went to see her .

B. Kate went out of her office to see Joe .

C. Joe saw the officer at the gate .

答案：A。

3．直接信息。考生可以從對話中直接找到信息回答問題。例如：錄音：

M: Mary is fond of camping , isn’t she ?

W: Yes. She often goes for weeks at a time .

考題：What does the woman say about Mary ?

A. She hasn’t gone camping for weeks .

B. She likes long camping trips .

C. It takes her a long time to plan her camping .

答案：B。

4．數字計算。對話或獨白中給出一組數字，考題中從另一角度設問，考生需要加減乘除運算後做出判斷。例如：錄音：

W: I want a single room with a bath . What’s the rent ?

M: It’s $ 6 a day .

考題： How much does she have to pay if she stays for 5 days ?

A. $ 6 。 B. $ 11。 C. $ 30 。

答案：C 。

又如：錄音：

M: Do you know how old Dick is this year ?

W: Well, let me see . I’m 39 and he is 4 years younger .

考題：How old is Dick now ?

A. 39 。 B. 43 。 C. 35。

答案：C。

5．時間判斷題。對話或獨白中給出一個動作的時間，考題中考查與所給動作時間有關動作的發生時間。例如：

錄音：

M: Lucy , can you tell me when Linda will get here ?

W: I’m not sure , but she is supposed to be here at ten to nine .

問題：When should Linda get here ?

A. At 8:50 。 B. At 9:00。 C. At 10:00 。

答案：A。

又如：錄音：

M: John is supposed to come here at half past seven .

W: Yes, he’ll be here in 15 minutes .

考題：

What time is it now ?

A. 7:15 。 B. 6:40 。 C. 7:45 。

6．對話背景。通過聽對話人的語氣，細節內容，判斷對話的時間、地點、所發生的事件等。例如：錄音：

W: Come in and sit down .

M: Thank you . Here O’ve got a small present for you for Christmas .

W: How nice of you ! Let’s open it right now . Oh , how lovely it is !

M: This small basket will be just right for candy and some other little things .

W: Where did you get it ?

M: It’s from China . two months ago , I went to China with my parents and I bought it for you in Beijing , the capital of China.

W: From China? Thank you so much . No wonder it’s so lovely . China’s famous for its handicrafts . Let me see what it is made of .

M: It’s woven of bamboo .

W: Really ? How skillfully it’s done ! I’ll set it right here . Everybody can see it when coming in .

M: I’m very glad you like it .

考題：Where does this conversation take place ?

A. At a restaurant . B. At the woman’s home . C. In the street .

答案：B。

7．雙方的關係。通過聽對話，判斷説話人的關係。例如：錄音：

W: Hi, e . Do you know me ?

M: Of course . Who doesn’t ? Ann , the most outstanding student at our school . What can I do for you today ?

W: Can I speak to you for a few minutes ?

M: Yes. Go ahead .

W: The entrance exams are coming . I’ve some questions about what to study in the future .

M: What do you like ?

W: I’m interested in literature, especially world literatures . But my parent want me to study physics . They said physics was more useful than literature . What’s more , it would be easier for me to find a job after graduation.

M: It’s too early to think of finding jobs now . And physics and literature are both sciences , although quite different . Literature is as useful as physics . There’re many outstanding scientists . There’re also many great writers . You can’t tell who are more important . All of them have made great contributions to their countries and to the whole world and mankind as well .

W: Yes. How nice it would be if only my parents could see things this way !

考題：What ‘s the most probable relationship between the two speakers ?

A. They are friends . are teacher and student.

B. They are boss and employee.

答案：B。

三、 問説話人的意圖或觀點。例如：錄音：

W: If I speak this way , could you hear me clearly ?

M: Go ahead .

考題：What does the man mean ?

A. The woman should go away . B. He will get closer to her

C. He can hear her very well .

答案：C。

又如：

W: Hi , Fred . Where have you been ?

M: I’ve been to the library and borrowed some English books . Why do you ask ?

W: I thought you’d been to the post office . Did you find the money I left on the desk ?

M: Yes, $10 altogether . But I don’t know what it is for .

W: Didn’t you see the note I left to you with the money ?

M: Note “ What note ? I don’t see any note .

W: Really ? It’s very strange . I left the money with a note saying I wanted you to go to the post office and get some envelopes and stamps for me . I also put the ink bottle on them in case they might not draw your attention .

M: I see now . Why can’t you go and get them yourself ? The post office is ony about 30 minutes’ walk from here . We often walk there after supper .

W: Of course I know how far it is from our school . I can’t go there myself because I’ve very busy doing some chemical experiments in the lab . And what’s more , I have to prepare for my English exam. You know I failed in the last one . If I can’t pass this time, a hard time will be waiting for me .

考題： Where did the man go ?

the library . B. The she chemistry lab C. To the post office

四、 考推測。對話或獨白中沒有直接提出事情的結果，需要考生根據對話中提到的線索進行推測。例如：錄音：

M: Is that Ann ?

W: Yes .

M: This is Mike . How are things with you ?

W: Oh, very well, but I’m very busy .

M: Busy ? But you’ve finished all your exams ?

W: Yes, but I’ve lots of other things to do . I have to help my little sister with her foreign language .

M: How about coming out with me this evening ? There’s a new film put on .

W: I’m sorry , but I’m afraid I just can’t go with you . A friend of mine is coming from the south and I have to go to the station to meet him this evening .

M: What a pity ! How about weekend then ?

W: No, I’ve arranged to go to an art exhibition with my parents . We’er all very interested in arts , you know .

M: What about next week sometime ?

W: Maybe .

考題：What is the woman going to do tonight ?

A. Help her sister with English .

B. Meet her friend at the station .

C. Go to an exhibition with her parents .

答案 ：B 。

又如：錄音：

M: We should stop here since we have been working for hours .

W: You are right . I’m a little bit tired .

考題：What will they do now ?

A. Have a rest . B. Go on working . C. Stop to work .

答案：A。

五、 聽語氣判斷説話人的身份、或態度。例如：錄音：

M: You go ahead and sit next to Jack . He often talks too much while watching games .

W: Why me ?

考題：What do you know from the woman’s answer ?

A. She can’t understand the man very well .

B. She doesn’t agree with the man .

C. Tom won’t like her sitting .

答案：B。