人教版高二同步輔導（含同步練習）語法複習1

：

1. 過去分詞做狀語

2. 複習分詞的各種形式（doing; having done; having been done）做狀語。

知識總結與歸納：

（一）過去分詞可以做一個陳述句的時間，原因，條件，讓步等狀語。

結構：過去分詞短語，主句（主語+謂語）

相當於

（1）表示被動語態的時間，原因，條件，讓步狀語從句。

例：

1. Kicked out from this company, he had to find a new job.

2. Once published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.

3. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel.

4. Bent roof and twenty-foot high walls of glass make them special when compared with other architecture from the same period.

5. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.

6. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.

7. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. （2）含主系表結構（be+V-ed形式）表示狀態或性質的狀語從句。

例：

1. Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.

2. Excited by our success, we decided to celebrate with dinner.

3. Shocked at the waste of money, I decided to leave that company.

4. Well-known for her skill as a designer, she was invited to work with the company.

5. Surprised at what Berry had done, he didn’t know what to say at first.

（二）過去分詞表達的動作先於主句的動作，表示：已經被……

結構：having been done短語，主句（主語+謂語……）

1. Having been translated into Chinese, the book became very popular in China.

2. After having been examined carefully, the room was locked again.

3. Having been exhausted by the journey, he went straight to bed.

4. Having been taught many times, he still made the same mistake.

（三）複習：現在分詞（doing短語）以及它的完成式（having done短語）做時間、原因，條件，讓步狀語；相當於表示主動意義的狀語從句。

例：

結構：doing 短語，主句（主語+謂語……）

當……時，/由於……/如果……

having done短語，主句（主語+謂語……）

已經……之後

1. Living far from school, he is often late.

2. Knowing that her daughter got sick at school, she hurried to school to take her home.

3. Not having received any news from home for many years, she got more and more homesick.

4. Driving to the airport, he hit a boy on the bike.

5. Hearing the music, he began to get homesick.

6. Being quite ill, he had to give up the chance of going on a picnic.

7. Having got married, he lived separately from his parents.

（四）分詞短語的邏輯主語應當與主句主語一致。如果分詞短語的主語不是主句的主語，則分詞短語的主語（名詞）應放在分詞前面。

1. Time permitting, we’ll call on our teacher.

2. Work finished, he prepared to return home.

3. The shower being over, we continued working.

（五）總結及解題思路：根據分詞短語與主句主語的關係（主動，被動）和時間順序（在主句動作之前，或與主句同時發生）來確定做狀語的分詞的形式。

（六）分詞在陳述句後面，做陳述句的伴隨狀語或結果狀語：表示伴隨動作的分詞根據它們與主句主語的關係（主動/被動），選用doing或done短語表達。

1. He was standing, holding on to a tree that grew against the wall.

2. There she stopped, listening to the strange sounds, while the whole house moved.

3. At last he stopped running, sweat streaming down his face.

【典型例題】

一. 單項選擇：

1. ____in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding.

分析：根據句意： Harvard大學創建於1636年，“創建”與主句主語Harvard為被動關係。

答案：C

2. Hearing the news, he hurried out, ___ book ___ on the table and disappeared into the distance.

A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open

C. leaving; lie open D. left; lying opened

分析：根據句意：聽到這個消息，他匆匆跑出去，消失在遠方，但他的書還打開着放在桌上。

hurried out和disappeared是連續的動作。而___ book ___ on the table則是伴隨的動作。

答案：B

3. Though ____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.

A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacking in

分析：根據句意：雖然缺少錢，他的父母還是想方設法把他送進了大學。Lack of（缺乏）與主語his parents為主動關係。

答案：B

4. ____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.

A. Given B. To given C. Giving D. Having given

分析：根據句意：如果給予更多的關注，樹會長得更好。____ more attention做條件狀語，give與主語the tree為被動關係，用過去分詞做狀語。

答案：A

5. ___ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose

分析：由於走神了，他差點撞到汽車上。lost in thought形容詞短語：走神。

答案：C

二. 翻譯句子：

1. 泰德拒絕了朋友去海洋公園的邀請，因為他已經去過兩次了。

答案：

Having been to the Ocean Park twice, Ted refused his friend’s invitation to go there.

Ted refused his friend’s invitation to go to the Ocean Park because he had been there twice.

2. 從遠處看，這個島嶼就象一朵彩雲。

答案：

Viewed from the distance, the island looked like a color cloud.

When it was viewed from the distance, the island looked like a color cloud.

3. 他出身與一個貧困家庭，只上過兩年學。

答案：

Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.

As he was born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.

4. First built as an exclusive playground for the 60’s jet set by a member of its own, A&P Supermarket heir Huntington Hartford, over the years the club did close some of its luster, but never its beautiful setting.

答案：

翻譯：最初的時候，海洋俱樂部只是一個為六十年代有錢人階層專門建立的私人俱樂部，其創建者Huntington Hartford是A&P超市的繼承人，也是富人階層的一分子。多年之後，俱樂部已失去原有的一些光彩，但是它那優美的環境依舊保存完好。

【模擬試題】（答題時間：50分鐘）

一. 單項選擇：

1. ____ wrong with the engine, he stopped his car.

A. Feeling something go B. Feeling something to go

C. To feel something gone D. Having felt something gone

2. ____my parents’ letter, I decided to write again.

A. Not receive B. Not to receive

C. Not received D. Not having received

3. The new machine, if ___ properly, will work for at least ten years.

A. use B. using C. being used D. used

4. ____, the young man is healthy and strong.

A. Fully developed B. Fully developing

C. Having fully developed D. To be fully developed

5. ___ to make a speech, he said he would be very glad to.

A. When asked B. When asking

C. To be asked D. When he was asking

6. When ___, the museum will be open to the public next year.

A. Completed B. completing

C. being completed D. to be completed

二. 完型填空

Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his ___1__ and traveling.

Then after returning to the United States from a __2__ trip to Russia . Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the __3__ of its strength on the trip, a change began to take place _4__ him. The materials between his bones became __5__.

In less than one week after his return, he could not __6___. Every move that he _7___ was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told him that they did not know how to cure Mr. Cousins’ problem and he might never ___8__ over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up ___9___.

Mr. Cousins thought that ___10___ thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. ___11__, he felt that happy thoughts or _12____ might cure his illness.

He began to _13__ on himself while still in hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that 10 minutes of real laughter during the __14____ gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night.

__15___ the doctors could not help him. Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could __16___ his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping __17___ he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt well __18____ to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for __19____.

After a few months, Mr. Cousins returned to work. He had laughed himself back to __20___.

1. A. time B. holiday C. sleep D. work

2. A. boring B. tiring C. dangerous D. pleasant

3. A. top B. degree C. problem D. limit

4. A. from B. around C. inside D. beside

5. A. weak B. ill C. false D. painful

6. A. speak B. breathe C. stand D. see

7. A. made B. did C. took D. gave

8. A. look B. get C. turn D. think

9. A. effort B. hope C. treatment D. arrangement

10. A. foolish B. unusual C. funny D. unhappy

11. A. Instead B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise

12. A. sleep B. travel C. laughter D. television

13. A. rescue B. operate C. try D. experiment

14. A. day B. week C. month D. year

15. A. Promising B. Deciding C. Doubting D. Recognizing

16. A. invent B. begin C. continue D. prove

17. A. until B. whenever C. unless D. so that

18. A. soon B. completely C. slowly D. enough

19. A. exercise B. illness C. rest D. pleasure

20. A. power B. sense C. health D. happiness

三. 閲讀理解：

A

It is important to know another language and how to communicate without words when you are in another country. Before saying anything, people communicate with each other by using gestures（手勢）. However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.

In the United States, nodding your head up and down means “yes”, while in some pats of Greece and Turkey, it means “no”. In the southeast of Asia, it is a polite way of saying “I heard you”.

Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad. Also putting your clasped（緊握的）hands up above your head means “I am the winner.” It is the sign which players often make. In Russia it is the sign of friendship.

In the USA, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger（食指）, and the other three straight means “Everything is OK.” In France, it means “You are worth nothing.”

It is also important to make eye communication. If you look down when talking to an American, he or she may feel that you are shy, or you are trying to hide something.

Besides these, you should also know there are some topics that can not be talked about, such as age, weight and marriage. You can talk about the weather, work, sports, food, where one lives and news of the day.

1. Which of the following is true?

A. People all over the world only communicate by words.

B. Many gestures either have different meanings or no meanings at all.

C. Gestures are the most common way to communicate.

D. People can talk about anything in another country.

2. In Greece nodding your head means “_________.”

A. Yes. B. No

C. I heard you D. I am the winner

3. Putting the thumb up should not be used in _____.

A. Greece B. the USA C. England D. China

4. What does this sentence mean “… action can speak louder than your words” ?

A. What you do is better than what you say.

B. You try your best to be polite.

C. You are better understood by your gestures than through your words.

D. What you say is better than what you do.

5. The main idea of the passage is that when you are in another country, _____.

A. it is important to know the language.

B is important to know what you talk about to a foreigner.

C. to know how to communicate without words is as important as to know the language.

D. to communicate through gestures is more important than to know the language.

B

The desire to make explorations is born with man. Wherever his imagination goes, man also has a strong wish to go. A large part of human history is considered with the exploration of the world in which we live. Again and again people have set out with surprising courage and patience to look into unknown regions and lands to see what had not yet been seen, to make the unknown known. With kites, balloons and aircraft they left the ground to pass through the lower atmosphere. Now the outer space receives their attention.

Why should man take the trouble of conquering space ? It is hard to list the specific practical benefits that will surely see and discover new things in space that will increase our scientific knowledge, and this new knowledge will find its way into valuable practical uses. What we learn about man himself, from his experience in space, and from the effects of space and the space flight environment on him, will be extremely valuable. The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find practical uses in everyday life in some way. The areas that will benefits are manifold. They include communication, generation of power, transportation and travel, food production, materials, fuels and many others. But to say definitely just what the practical results will be is almost impossible.

1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ___.

A. man desire to explore what is unknown.

B. man often goes wherever his dreams go

C. man is no longer interested in the study of the land and sea now.

D. man’s history is his exploration of the world.

2. The word “manifold” in the second paragraph probably means ___.

A. vast B. various C. valuable D. practical

3. The author seems to be in favor of ___.

A. doubting the necessity of the space exploration

B. the exploration of space

C. exploring more in space than in sea

D. his experience in space

4. In the last sentence of Paragraph 2 the phrase “practical result” refers to the results ___.

A. that are obtained from experience

B. that can be learned as knowledge

C. that can be made use of

D. helping us make further exploration.

【試題答案】

一. 單項選擇：

1. A

解析：____ wrong with the engine做全句的原因狀語，feel與主語具有主動關係，用-ing形式做狀語，go wrong做賓語something的補足語。

2. D

解析：由於沒有受到父母的來信，在全句中做原因狀語，動作在主句decided to write again動作之前，用-ing 的完成式Not having done結構做狀語

3. D

解析：如果被使用恰當，過去分詞做條件狀語。

4. A

解析：如果進行全面發展，過去分詞做狀語，與主句主語構成被動關係。

5. A

解析：當被要求講話時，他説他很高興。

6. A

解析：當博物館被完工（竣工）時，它將與明年對公眾開放。

二. 完型填空

1. D

解析：他很喜歡他的工作和旅行出差

2. B

解析：從到俄羅斯的令人疲憊不堪的出差回到美國。Tiring預示下文提到的Mr. Cousins生病。

3. D

解析：在旅途中，他把他的身體的體力推向了極限

4. C

解析：於是他的身體內部發生了變化

5. A

解析：他的骨頭之間的物質變得脆弱了。本題另外三個選項與主語搭配不合適。

6. C

解析：他幾乎無法站立了

7. A

解析：他所做的每一個動作都讓他感到疼痛。做運動：make a move

8. B

解析：醫生告訴他，他們無法解決他的問題，他可能不能從他的疾病中恢復過來。get over：從病中恢復過來。

9. B

解析：Mr. Cousins拒絕放棄治療的希望。

10. D

解析：Mr. Cousins認為一些不愉快的想法正在他的體內產生着某種化學變化。此處與下文的happy thoughts相對應。

11. A

解析：他不想進行藥物治療，相反，

12. C

解析：他認為愉快的想法或放聲大笑 能治癒他的疾病。

13. D

解析：在住院期間他開始用觀看滑稽電視節目來進行實驗。experiment on somebody：拿某人做實驗。

14. A

解析：他發現白天10分鐘的開心大笑能給他帶來夜間兩小時的舒適睡眠。during the day對應下一句的at night.

15. B

解析：已經肯定醫生無法再幫助他了。 deciding :確定。

16. C

解析：他離開醫院在旅館裏繼續他的實驗。

17. A

解析：他在房間裏反覆看電視娛樂節目，讀書，睡覺，做這些事直到他感到累了為止。

18. D

解析：他感到身體足夠健康了

19. A

解析：他開始出國度假並在海邊跑步鍛鍊。

20. C

解析：他通過笑使自己恢復了健康。

三. 閲讀理解：

A

1. B

解析：細節判斷題，根據第一段However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.可以得知：許多手勢在某些地區要麼有着不同的含義要麼根本就沒有任何意義。

2. B

解析：根據第二段內容可以得知點頭在希臘某些地區的含義。

3. A

解析：根據第三段：Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad.可以得知樹大拇指在希臘的含義不同於在美國。它是“不好”的表示，不應使用。C，D兩項文章沒有涉及。

4. C

解析：語句理解。根據第一段內容：人們在國外與人交流要麼懂得外語，要麼學會使用手勢交流。所以説“通過手勢動作比通過語言能更好地被人理解。

5. C

解析：考查文章的主旨。第一段第一句交代了文章的主題。

B

1. A

解析：考查文章的主旨大意。從第一段Again and again people have set out with surprising courage and patience to look into unknown regions and lands to see what had not yet been seen, to make the unknown known.可知。

2. B

解析：詞義猜測。從第二段The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find practical uses in everyday life in some way.可知the areas that will benefit是廣泛多樣的。文章下文説明獲利餓各個方面。

3. B

解析：從全文看，作者對探索太空持贊成態度。

4. C

解析：文章最後一句意思是：但是要確切地説這種實際結果是什麼將是不可能的。這種實際結果就是能應用上文所提到的各種領域所獲得的利益。