Unit 9 Gymnastics

【知識點】

1．重點詞彙、短語、句型結構

1）sound（ link v．）gymnastics，gymnast，gym，perform

2）knock into sb., fall over，prepare sb. for sth．，to music，be content to do sth．，get on，glance at，be busy doing sth．

3）強調句：It＋be＋強調部分＋that（who）…

2．課文掌握程度

1）掌握重點詞彙、短語、句型。

2）學習體操運動員的拼搏精神及有關體操運動的詞彙。

3）能複述閲讀課文。

3．重點語法

主謂一致

【重點難點講解】

1，詞組knock into原作"把……敲入"解，用於轉義，意為撞着某人、某物。knock（vt．；vj．）意為敲，打，碰擊。如：

Can you knock the nail into the wall? 你能把釘子敲進牆壁裏面去嗎？

A hammer is used for knocking in nails. 錘子用來釘進釘子。

Please knock on/at the door before entering. 請敲門入內。

His water-bottle was knocked off his little table. 他的水瓶從小桌上被打下。

She knocked her head against the wall. 她的頭撞到牆上。

knock into作"撞着某人、某物"解時和run into意義相近。如：

He walked in the dark and knocked into a tree. 他在黑暗中行走，撞着一棵樹。

The boy ran for the ball and knocked into a man. 男孩跑去接球，撞着一個人。

Joe lost control of his bike and ran into a tree. 瓊對自行車控制不住，撞上了樹。

The car skidded and ran into a lamp-post. 汽車打滑，撞上燈柱。

和knock相關的短語有：　　knock at 作"敲擊"解。如：

Can you hear the branches knocking at the roof. 你能聽到樹枝敲打屋頂的聲音嗎？

knock sb./sth. down 作"撞倒；打倒"解。如：

She was nearly knocked down by a truck. 她差一點被一輛卡車撞倒。

He knocked down his opponent. 他打敗了他的對手。

knock sb./sth over "打翻"。如：

The hunter knocked over the tiger. 獵人把那隻老虎打翻在地。

2，as well as的用法

意思是"不僅……而且……"；"既……又……"。如：

She is clever as well as beautiful. 她不但漂亮，而且聰明。

I have heard from Mr. Wang as well as Mr Li. 我不但接到了李先生的信，而且還接到了王先生的信。

但在使用時應注意以下幾點：

1）as well as與not only…but also…不同

as well as結構着重前者，而在not only…but also…結構中着重強調後者，所以A as well as B翻譯為不但B而且A，而not only A but also B則翻譯為不但A而且B。例如：

The boy is lively as well as healthy＝The boy is not only healthy but also lively. 這孩子不但健康而且活潑。

2）as well as連接兩個並列成分作主語時，句子的謂語動詞應與前面那個名詞或代詞的人稱和數一致。例如：

Your brother as well as you is very kind to me.

3）而not only…but also連接兩個主語時，謂語要和靠近的主語保持數和人稱一致。例如：

Not only this dictionary but also those books belong to me.

不但這本詞典屬於我，而且那些書也屬於我的。

4）as well as…還?quot;像……一樣好"之意。試比較：

She sings as well as playing the piano. 她不但會彈琴，而且會唱歌。

She sings as well as she plays. ＝Her singing is as good as her playing. 她彈得好，唱得也好。

3，require 用法

及物動詞，意思是"需求，要求"。如：

This job requires a clear head .

1) require 後的賓語從句用 should 型虛擬語氣。

The boss required that she (should) keep it a secret . 老闆要求她對此事保密。

He required the work not be done in a haste .

2) sth + require + doing = sth + require + to be done 某物需要……

These temples require / want / need repairing next month . = These temples require / want / 　　need to be repaired next month. 這些廟宇下個月需要修繕。

4，take用法小結

take / have a break = take / have a rest 休息一下。take a chair 坐下。take a / one's chance 冒險。take a drop 喝一杯。take it for granted 對……想當然。take a holiday 休假。take a pleasure in 以……為樂。take (a) pride in = be proud of 對……感到自豪。take a seat 坐下。take action 採取行動。take advantage of 利用。take after 與（父母等）相象。take aim at 對……瞄準。take / have an interest in 對……感興趣。take away 拿走，奪走。take a deep breath 深呼吸。take breath 歇會兒。take … by surprise 突然攻擊，奇襲。take care 注意，留神，慎重。take good care of 好好照料。take charge of 負責，看管。take / catch hold of 抓住。take down 取下，寫下。take effect 見效，生效。take / fall ill 突然生病。take in 把……帶進，改小。take it / things easy . 從容，彆着急。take measures 採取措施。take note of 注意。take notice of 注意，留心。take off 脱下，起飛。take on 呈現。 take one's seat / place 就座。take place 發生，舉行。take the trouble to do 費勁幹…… 。take possession of 佔有，擁有。take an active part in 在……起積極作用。take an important part in 在……起重要作用。 take the place of 取代。take turns 依次，輪流。take up 拿起，佔去，佔據。

5，do sth to music 伴着音樂做某事

They were dancing to light music . 他們隨着輕音樂偏偏起舞。

They are doing eye exercises to music .

【詞語辨析】

1，fortunate 和 lucky

fortunate 指獲益於某種境遇，極有利於某人或者幫助某人獲得出乎意料的成功或事物。如：

He made a fortunate decision when he went into advertising . 當他從事廣告業時，他作出了一次幸運的決定。

lucky 含有意外或者純屬偶然機緣之意。如：

He is lucky that he missed his train the day it was wrecked . 火車出事那天，他沒趕上火車，真是幸運。

Well , you were lucky they didn't rob you of all you had . 嗨，他們沒有把你所有的東西搶去，還算幸運。

2，cloth , clothing , clothes , dress , suit 和 clothe區別

1）cloth 是做衣服等用的布料，不可數，但是作特殊用途的布時可數。

a piece of cloth 一塊布，five pieces of cloth 五塊布，a table cloth 一塊桌布。

cut one's coat according to one's cloth 量入為出

How much cloth does it take to make a blouse for the girl ?

It will take three yards of cloth to make a suit for you

Have you any cloths for polishing the furniture ? 你有擦傢俱的布嗎

2）clothing 是不可數名詞，後接單數動詞，指除衣褲外還包括帽子、鞋襪等。不能説 a suit of clothing , 　但可以説 an article of clothing , two articles of clothing 一件（二件）衣服。

Our clothing protects us from the cold . 我們的衣服為我們禦寒。

The shop sells women's clothing . 這家商店出售婦女服裝。

food , clothing , and shelter 衣、食、住

3） clothes 指褲子、內衣等，不指一件衣服。clothes 的前面不能加 a ，this , that 和數詞，但是可以加 many , these , those 等。

（錯）this clothes , three clothes

（對）these clothes , many clothes

要表達"一件衣服"用 a suit of clothes

put on one's clothes 穿衣服，take off one's clothes 脱衣服

She bought a good many clothes .

She often wears beautiful clothes .

4）dress 作為可數名詞是女人或者孩子穿的衣服，a dress 通常指 an article of women's clothing .

The person opposite the street , who wears a dress , is a woman , not a man .

dress 可以構成特殊的服裝，如 national dress 民族服裝，evening dress 夜禮服。

5）suit 是可數名詞，指一套衣服。一套男人的衣服由上衣、背心和褲子組成。一套女子衣服由上衣和裙子組成。

suit 也組成有特殊用途的服裝，如：a bathing suit 游泳衣，a sports suit 運動服，a space suit 宇航服，a diving suit 潛水服。

6）clothe 是及物動詞"給……穿衣，供養，籠罩"

He has to work hard to feed and clothe his large family .

Now they are able to feed and clothe their children properly .

The trees are clothed in green leaves . 樹上披上了綠裝。

3，ache與pain區別

1）pain多指由於嚴重受傷或疾病引起的劇痛，用作可數名詞或不可數名詞均可。例如：

The boy was in great pain after he broke his arm. 那個孩子傷了胳臂後，很疼痛。

I have a pain in the knee. 我膝蓋疼。

2）ache多指身體局部的持續的隱痛，用作可數名詞或不可數名詞均可，常和身體部位構成複合名詞（見上例）。例如：

He has an ache in the chest. 他胸部疼痛。

She suffers from various aches and pains. 她遭受了各種疼痛和痛苦。

3）和pain相關的短語

take great pains with sth．/to do sth．／in doing sth．"辛苦；努力；費盡苦心做某事"。例如：

Mary took great pains with her English lesson and got high marks.

瑪麗下苦功學習英語並取得高分。

【語法】

1，主謂一致（一）

謂語用單數的情況：

（１）表示時間、距離、金錢等的複數名詞作主語，通常看作一個整體，謂語用單數。如：

Two hours is not long enough for this work. 做這項工作兩個小時並不充分。

Eighty miles is quite a distance. 80英里是很長的一段距離。

（２）表示國家、城市、書報及組織等專有名詞作主語，通常作為一個整體看，謂語用單數形式。如：The 　United Nations is an important organization. 聯合國是個非常重要的組織。

The New York Times is read all over the United States. 整個美國都有人讀"紐約時報"這份報紙。

（３）以s結尾的學科名詞作主語，謂語用單數。如：

Politics is now taught in all schools in China. 在中國所有的學校都開設政治課。

（４）由glasses, trousers, shoes等兩個對應部分組成一體的複數名詞作主語，前有a pair of單位量詞時，謂語多用單數。如：Here is a pair of new trousers for you.這裏有一條新褲子是給你的。對比：My shoes are worn out. 我的鞋子穿壞了。

（５）the number of +複數名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語用單數；但a number of短語作主語，謂語用複數。如：

The number of the tigers is only 100 in our district.

我們這個地區的老虎數量只有100只。對比：

A number officials were put into prison because of the accident.

許多官員因這次事故而入獄。

（６）動名詞、不定式、從句作主語時，謂語用單數。

如：What he wanted to see was an end to the war.

他想看到的是戰爭的結束。

Reading more scientific books is good for children.

多讀一些科普書對兒童有好處。

（７）由every-, some-, any-, no- 等構成的複合不定代詞作主語時，謂語用單數。如：

Everyone obeys the rules; anybody who breaks the rules is punished.

人人都遵守規則，不遵守規則的任何人都受到懲罰。

（８）由one, either, each, neither+of+複數名詞／代詞作主語時，謂語用單數。如：

We both fell off, but fortunately neither of us was hurt.

我們倆人都掉下來，幸運的是沒有一個受傷。

One of the students is from Australia.

其中有一個學生來自澳大利亞。

（９）news, information, bread等不可數名詞作主語時，謂語用單數。如：

The bread he bought was always fresh.

2，強調句

使用強調句型可使句中某個成份得到強調。強調句型是：It＋is/was＋被強調成份＋that-clause。當強調的成份指人時，除了可用that外，也可用who，whom等。口語中that有時可省略。

1）強調主語。如：

It is the people who create history. 創造歷史的是人民。

It was she who had been wrong. 錯誤的正是她。

Was it you that broke the window? 打碎玻璃窗的是你嗎？

But here it's my word that counts. 但這裏是我的話算數。

Who was it that called you up just now? 剛才來電話給你的是誰？

2）強調賓語或介詞賓語。如：

It's her whom you should help. 你應該幫助的是她。

It's me that they praised.他們表揚的是我。

She just had no faith in me. It was Bill in whom she still had her faith. 她不相信我。她仍然相信的只有比爾。

3）強調狀語。如：

It's through them that we learnt the truth. 正是通過他們我們才瞭解真相。

It was on one July night in 1969 that American astronauts landed on the surface of the moon.正是在1969年7月的一個夜晚美國宇航員在月球表面登陸。

It was then（that） I heard his steps. 正在那時我聽到他的腳步聲。

Why is it that everyone thinks I'm a fool? 究竟為什麼人人都認為我是傻瓜？

I don't know why it is（that）they don't like me. 我不知道他們究竟為什麼不喜歡我。

It was on Monday night that all this happened.正是在星期一晚上發生了這一切。

It was not until yesterday that they began to tackle the major problem. （＝They did not begin to tackle the major problem until yesterday. ）直到昨天他們才開始處理主要問題。

It was not for several days that I had an opportunity of seeing the bird.（＝I did not have an opportunity of seeing the bird again for several days. ）過了好幾天我才有機會又一次看見那隻鳥。

4）強調狀語從句。如：

It is because he smoked too much that he's got lung cancer.正因為他抽煙太多才得了肺癌。

It was not until I saw Mary next morning that I felt happy. （＝I did not feel happy until I saw Mary next morning. ）直到第二天上午見到瑪麗我才感到高興。

補充：強調謂語動詞不用It＋is/was＋被強調部分＋that-clause，而用助動詞do/does/did＋動詞原形。does用於一般現在時單數第三人稱，do用於一般現在時其他各人稱以及第二人稱祈使句，did用於一般過去時各人稱。如：

Do come in, please. 請你一定進來。

l do hope you will go with us. 我的確希望你會跟我們一起去。

He does sing well. 他唱得確實好。

He did say that he believed you. 他的確説過他相信你。

Do be quiet, please. 請務必安靜。

【例題解析】

1，It was not ______ she took off her dark glasses ______ I realized she was a famous film star.

A．when; that B．until; that

C．until; when D．when; then

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查的是強調句型，句中強調的是狀語，不可以用when來代替that，本句表達的意思是"直到她摘下墨鏡，我才認出她是一位著名的影星"，所以此題選B。

2，--Wasn't it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now?

-- (上海 96)

A. I didn't know he was

B. Yes, it was

C. No, he wasn't

D. Yes, he did.

【答案】B

【解析】這是一個強調句。結構是：It was + that +其他成分。在這裏，it做主語，這是我們前面講過的強調主語的現象，所以回答也應該用Yes, it was 或No, it wasn't。it 這裏指的是人。