2005年高考英語第二輪總複習講座之十二Unit12 定語從句

一、考點聚焦

1、功能：相當於形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語

2、位置：定語從句置於被修飾詞之後

Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.

3、先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞

（1）先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如:some-, any-, every-和no與-boy, -thing的合成詞；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。

（2）先行詞與關係詞是等量關係。必須注意兩點：

①先行詞在從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的數由先行詞而定。

This is the place which is worth visiting.

②關係詞在從句句子中充當了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重複其意。

There are many places we can visit（them）in China.

4、關係詞：引導定語從句的都稱關係詞

關係代詞：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。

關係副詞：when, where, why。that偶爾也作關係副詞。

5、確定關係詞的步驟

（1）先找關係詞，看先行詞指的是什麼。

（2）看關係詞在從句中所充當的成分。

6、在定語從句中，當先行詞指物時，下列情況的關係詞宜用that而不用which

（1）先行詞被①形容詞最高級 ②序數詞 ③數詞幾種詞修飾或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修飾時。

（2）先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時。

（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時。

He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.

（4）先行詞在主句中作表語關係詞在從句中作表語時。

The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.

（5）當主句中含有疑問詞which時。

Which are the books that you bought for me ?

7、宜用which而不用that的情況

（1）在非限制性定語從句中

（2）在關係詞前有介詞時

（3）當先行詞本身是that時

（4）當關系詞離先行詞較遠時

8、關係詞who與that指人時，也有不同情況分別用不同的關係詞

（1）當主句是there be句型時，關係詞用who。

（2）先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時，關係詞用who。

（3）當主句是who作疑問詞時，關係詞用that。

Who is that girl that is standing by the window?

（4）whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。

9、whose作關係詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語。如：

Do you know h whose story is very moving ?

There is a room, whose window faces the river.

There is a room, the window of which faces the river.

10、關係代詞as,在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。

（1）先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many（much）中，從句都用as 引導。

Such books as you bought are useful.

The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.

注意：區別①such … that … 引導的結果狀語從句。They are such

lovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引導定語從句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.

（2）無先行詞的定語從句用as和which引導。

區別：①意義上：as 含有“這點正如……一樣”。②位置上：as 從句可置句首，也可在另處。

He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.

There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.

As is known, the earth is round, not flat.

11、關係副詞when與where、why、that

when 指時間 = in / at / on / during which

where指地點 = in / at / from / which

why指原因 = for which

當先行詞為way、day、reason、time時，可用that作關係副詞。（非正式場合）

I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.

當time作先行詞時，關係詞可以省掉。

This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.

12、必須注意的問題

（1）關係詞作主語時，從句中謂語的數。

（2）注意區別定語從句與強調句。

①定語從句中關係詞作從句成分，複合句。

②強調it無意義，that / who不是引導詞。

③強調it is / was和that / who後如果句子意思講得通則是強調句，講不通則不是。

It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定語從句)

It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（強調句）

（3）定語從句與同位語從句的區別。

①定語從句引導詞被稱為關係詞，that充當主語、賓語、表語。有時可省略。

②同位語從句引導詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當任何成分，不可省。

Word came that their army was defeated.(同位語)

We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定語)

（4）關係詞在從句中省略的情況。

①關係詞作賓語，前無介詞時。

②關係詞作表語。

（5）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的翻譯。

（6）關係詞前有介詞或複雜介詞，關係詞只能是which和whom。

（7）幾個特殊的定語從句句型：

①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks

in the match.（句中one為先行詞）

He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students為先行詞）

②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?

Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?

③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.

④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.

二、精典名題導解

選擇填空

1. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.（NMET 2001）

l e

解析：答案為C。本題考查分隔定語從句的關係詞的選擇。作好本題的關鍵是要能辨認出該定語從句的先行詞the hours和關係詞被介詞短語to me所分隔。定語從句的先行詞是表時間的名詞hours, 並且關係詞在從句中用作狀語，故應選擇表示時間的關係副詞when。

2. ___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET 2001)

解析：答案為B。本題考查as引導的非限制定語從句。as作“正如……”解時，引導的非限制性定語從句來修飾整個句子。當as在從句中作主語時，常用於下列短語：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作關係代詞引導定語從句的用法。

3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.(NMET 1996)

h e

解析：答案為B。本題考查限制性定語從句中關係詞的選擇。定語從句的先行詞是表示地點的名詞短語the small town, 且關係詞不作定語從句中的主語和賓語而作地點狀語，因此定語從句必須用關係副詞where引導。要注意分清先行詞在從句中充當的成分，然後選擇適當的關係詞。

三、專項訓練

1. Is there anything else______you want to say?

h 　 　 　

2. The last place______we visited was the Palace Museum.

e 　h 　 　

3. The railway tunnel,through______the train goes,will be completed soon.

h 　 　 　

4. Next month,______you'll be in yor hometown,is coming.

h 　 　 　e

5. He wanted to know the time______he needed to know.

　 　e 　

6. John got beaten in the game,______had been expecte　D.

7. I don't know the reason______he didn't come this morning.

h 　 what 　h 　

8. This is one of the best books______this year.

been published 　 have published

have been published 　h has been published

9. I'll never forget the day______I received your invitation.

which 　 that 　 　h

10. The plane______she was travelling was delayed by the rain.

h 　 which 　 which 　e

11. I want to buy such a dictionary______he is using.

　h 　 　

12. When you read the book,you'd better make a mark______you have any questions.

which 　 place where 　 where 　e

13. In his will,the old man offered everything______he had to the country.

　 　ever 　h

14. All______is needed is a supply of oil.

thing 　 　 　h

15. The weather turned out to be very good,______was more than we could expect.

　 　h 　

16. The only language______is easy to learn is the mother tongue.

h 　e 　 　

17. Is this the museum______they visited last month?

one 　 　e 　h

18. You may see any film______this afternoon.

you interest 　 interests you

h you are interested 　h interests you

19. In this strange city,there wasn't single person______she could turn for help.

　 whom 　 whom 　

20. He paid the boy 50 yuan for washing cups,most of______had not been cleaned for at least two weeks.

e 　e 　 　h

21. I don't like______you speak to your father.

way 　 way in that 　 way which 　 way of which

22. The most important thing______we should pay attention to is the first thing______I have sai　D.

h;that 　;which 　h;which 　;that

23. Father made a promise______I passed the exam he would buy me a bicycle.

　her 　h 　

24. Tom is the only one of the students______praised yesterday.

were 　 was 　 is 　 were

25. -Who is it______has just come?

-It's John.

　 　h 　

26. This is the method______he solved the problem.

h 　 　 which 　 that

27. “It is the college______your father studied when he was young,”said the mother pointing at a picture.

h 　 　C.不填 　e

28. There are 50 students in his class,______Peter is the most diligent.

which 　g whom 　e 　 that

29. he invited me to dinner last Monday,______was very nice of him.

h 　 　 　

30. This is our school library,in front of______there are some tall trees.

　 　h 　

31. This is the very man______spoke at the meeting this morning,______came from America.

;that 　;whom 　;who 　;that

32. The dress______is blue belongs to Li Ping.

's colour 　 colour of which

colour 　 colour of whose

33. He is the only one of the people here______Japanese.

know 　 speak 　 knew 　 speaks

34. He imagined various ways______he could teach her a lesson.

which 　 which 　 what 　 what

35. His father studied hard at school when he was young,______led to his success in his life.

　 　h 　 that

36. There were two small rooms in the beach home,______served as a kitchen.

smallest of which 　 smaller of which

smaller of them 　lest of that

37. The temperature______ice changes to water is 0℃.

where 　 which 　 which 　 which

38. Shakespeare is the greatest poet______England has ever ha　D.

　 　C.不填 　

39. This is the man______.

A.I referred to 　 I referred to

I referred 　 I referred to

40. This test is for students______native language is not English.

　e 　 whom 　h

參考答案

1-10 BCACB DACCB 11-20 CDABC DABCD

21-30 ADDBA CDBAC 31-40 CBDAC BDCAB