2005年高考英語第二輪總複習講座之十四Unit14 主謂一致和倒裝

一、考點聚焦

1、語法形式上的一致

主語為單數形式，謂語動詞用單數形式；主語為複數形式，謂語動詞也用複數形式。

The number of students in our school is 1,700.

Mary and Kelly look alike.

2、意義上一致

（1）主語形式雖為單數，但意義為複數，謂語動詞用複數。

The crowd were runing for their lives.

單數形式代表複數內容的詞有people、police、cattle等。

（2）主語形式為複數，而意義上卻是單數，謂語動詞用單數。The news is very exciting.

形複意單的單詞有new、works（工廠）、means和以ics結尾的學科名稱physics、poli-tics、economics等。

3、就近原則。即謂語動詞的單複數形式取決於最靠近它的詞語。如果連詞or、either … or、neither … nor、not only … but also等連接的並列主語，如果一個是單數，一個是複數，謂語動詞與靠近它的主語一致。

Either you or I am mad.

4、應注意的若干問題

（1）名詞作主語。

①某些集體名詞如family、team等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語用單數，反之用複數。

My family is going out for a trip.

The whole family are watching TV.

這類詞常有audience、class club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public、team等。

Population和“a group(crowd)of + 複數名詞”也適用於這種情況，強調整體用單數，強調各個部分用複數。

②某些集體名詞如people、police、cattle、oxen只當複數看待，謂語動詞必須用複數。

③單、複數同形的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞應根據意義決定單、複數。

A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there.

④名詞所有格之後的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工場、住宅等；作主語時，動詞一般用單數。My uncle’s is not for from here.

常見的省略名詞有the baker’s 、the barbar’s、the Zhang’s等。

表示店鋪的名詞一般作集體名詞看待，但用作主語時，謂語動詞往往用複數。如：

Richardson’s have a lot of old goods to sell.

⑤當名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書名等複數名詞時，往往可以根據意義一致的原則，把這些複數名詞看作一個整體，謂語用單數。

Thirty years has passed.

Five minutes is enough to finish the task.

⑥不定代詞each、every、no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多主語時，謂語動詞仍用單數形式。如：

Each boy and each girl in my class has a dictionary.

⑦如果主語有more than one … 或many a … 構成，儘管從意義上

看是複數內容，但它的謂語動詞用單數形式。

More than one student has seen the play.

Many a boy has bought that kind of toy.

但是，“more + 複數名詞 + than one”結構之後，謂語用複數。

⑧一些由兩個部分構成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時，謂語通常用複數形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。

但如果主語用a kind of、a pair of、a series of等加名詞構成時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式。

A pair of shoes was on the desk.

⑨this kind of book = a book of this kind(這種書)，其謂語動詞；短語this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of

men(口語)（這一類人），但this kind of men的謂語用單數，men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語用複數，all kinds of後跟複數名詞，謂語用複數形式。如：

This kind of men is dangerous.

Men of theis kind/sort are dangerous.

⑩複數形式的單、複數同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致的原則，用作單數意義時，謂語用單數，反之，謂語用複數。這類名詞有means、works、species(種類)、Chinese、Japanese等。當它們的前面有 a、such a、this、that修飾時，謂語用單數；有all、such、these、those修飾時，謂語用複數。

○11如果名詞詞組中心詞是all、most、half、rest等詞語，所指是複數意義，謂語動詞用複數形式，反之用單數。

All of my students work hard.

All of the oil is gone.

○12在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數應與其後的主語一致。如：

Between the two windows hangs an oil painting.

（2）由連接詞連接的名詞作主語。

①用and或both … and 連接並列主語，謂語動詞通常用複數形式。但如果並列主語指的是同一個人，同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數形式，這時and後面的名詞沒有冠詞。

Truth and honesty is the best policy.

To love and to be loved is the great happiness.

Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.

A knife and fork is on the table.

②當主語後面跟有as well as、as much as、no less than、along with、with、like、rather than、together with、but、except、besides、including、in addition to等引導的詞組時，採取“就遠原則”。

③以or、either … or、neigher … nor、not only … but also等連接的詞作主語時，採取“就近原則”。

（3）代詞作主語。

①名詞型物主代詞連接的動詞，既可以用單數，也可以用複數，這取決於它所代替的是單數還是複數。

Ours (Our Party) is a great Party.

Your shoes are white, mine (= my shoes) are black.

②such、the same起指示代詞作用時，應根據其所指的內容來決定單、複數。

Such is our plan. Such are his last words.

③關係代詞who、that、which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。

④疑問詞who、what、which作主語時，謂語動詞可根據説話人所要表達的意思決定單、複數。

Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu.

Who lives next door? It is Wang and Li.

⑤不定代詞any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等作主語時，要注意下列情況：

（A）單獨作主語時，視其在文中的意義，動詞可用單數或複數形式。Now all has been changed. All are present.（B）其後接of時，若of的賓語為不可數名詞，動詞用單數形式；若of的賓語為複數名詞或代詞時，動詞可以是單數，也可以是複數；在正式文體中，單數形式的動詞更常用。Do (es) any of you know about the accident? None of us has

(have) seen the film.

（4）分數、量詞作主語。

①“分數或百分數 +　名詞”構成的短語以及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞”構成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞要與短語中of後面的名詞的數保持一致，這是因為短語中後面的名詞是中心詞，而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。如：

Lots of damage was caused by flood.

A number of students have gone to the countryside.

A large quantity of people is needed here.

Quantities of food (nuts) were still on the table.

②a great deal of、a large amount of修飾不可數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數；large amounts of修飾不可數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用複數。

③表示數量的one and a half後，名詞要用複數形式，但是其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。

One and a half apples is left on the table.

④half of、(a)part of修飾可數名詞單數及不可數名詞時，謂語動詞用單數，修飾可數名詞複數時，謂語動詞用複數。

(5)名詞化的形容詞作主語。

如果主語由“the + 形容詞（或分詞）”結構擔任時，謂語通常用複數。這類詞有the rich、the poor、the brave、the injured、the living、the wounded等。如表抽象的也可以用單數，如the unknown、the beautiful等。

（6）從句作主語。

①由what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞通常用單數，但所指的具體內容是複數意義時，謂語動詞一般用複數形式。

What we need is more money.

What we need are more people/teachers.

②在“one of + 複數名詞 + who/that/which”引導的從句結構中，關係代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的複數名詞而不是one，因此從句中的謂語動詞也應該是複數形式。如one前有the only則用單數形式。

This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told by my father.

She was the only one of the girls who was late for class today.

（7）不定式、名動詞（短語）作主語用單數形式；There be句型中be的單複數取決於be後的第一個詞的數。

There is a book, two pens on the desk.

There are two pens, a book on the desk.

5、倒裝句的要點複習

（1）在以there、here、now、then、such引導的，引起人們注意的招呼句要倒裝。

There goes the bell. Here comes the bus.

（2）表示動態的狀語，置於句首時，句子要倒裝。

Off went the horse. In came the boss.

From the speaker comes the doctor’s voice.

（3）表示地點的詞語置於句首或強調地點概念時。

South of the town lie two steel factories.

Between the two buildings stands a tall tree.

注意：句子的主語為人稱代詞時，句子不倒裝。

Here it is. Away they went.

（4）否定詞never、seldom、hardly、scarcely、barely、rarely、little、not、nowhere、by no means、at no time、neither、nor等放在句首時，句子常倒裝。如：

By no means shall we give up.

Never have I been to the USA.

Seldom does she get up late in the morning.

（5）在not only … but also … no sooner … than …、hardly … when …、scarcely … when …、not until …、so … that …、such … that …句型中，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝，但要注意：neither … nor … 連接的句子前後兩個分句都要倒裝。

Not only is she smart but also she is beautiful.

Such great progress did he make that he was praised.

So heavy is the box that I can’t carry it.

Neither has he a pencil, nor has he a pen.

（6）Only + 狀語或狀語從句 +其他（only在句首時要倒裝）。

Only then did I realize the importance of learning English.

（7）so、neither、nor放在句首時，表示前面的情況也適用於另一個人或物時，用部分倒裝。

（8）表語或狀語或動詞原形 + as/though + 主語 + 其他時，句子要倒裝。（在讓步狀語從句中）

（9）虛擬語氣中用倒裝代替if。

Were I you, I would go there at once.

Had you come yesterday, you could have helped us.

（10）在一些表示祝願的句子中。

Long live China!

二、精典名題導解

選擇填空

1.-Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _________to go to university.

-So do I .(上海 1998)

s ng d

解析：答案為B。本題考查主謂一致中的意義一致原則，不定代詞either、neither、each、one、the other、another以及所有的複合不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應根據意義一致的原則採用單數形式，排除A。選項C是非謂語動詞的一種，不能單獨作謂語，亦應排除。根據答語中的時態又可排除選項D。

number of people invited _________ fifty, but a number of them __________ absent for different reasons.（NMET 1996）

; was ; was ; were ; were

解析：答案為C。本題考查the number of和a number of 的區別。“the number of + 複數名詞/代詞”結構中的中心詞是number,“a number of + 複數名詞/代詞”結構中的中心詞是of後的複數名詞或代詞，故謂語動詞分別用單、複數。解題關鍵在於仔細區分哪個是真正的主語。

3.-David has made great progress recently.

-_______, and __________.(上海 1997)

he has; so you have he has; so have you

has he; so have you has he; so you have

解析：答案為B。 本題考查倒裝知識。“So + 主語 + 助動詞”表“確實如此”，“So + 助動詞 + 主語”表“也一樣。”

三、專項訓練

1. Never in my life______such a thing.

A.I have heard of or seen 　B.I had beard or seen

I heard of or seen 　 I hear of or seen

2. Not until his comrades critized him______realize his mistake.

he begin 　 he begin 　n he 　 he begun

3. It was between 1830 and 1835______the modern newspaper was born.

　 　h 　use

4. -I told you that I would come.

-______.

her did you 　 were you 　 did you 　 you did

5. -I've seen the film.

-______.

my brother does 　 does my brother

has my brother 　her has my brother

6. Not only______a question of how the job is done,but it's also a question of when it is done.

it 　 is 　 there 　 is

7. Only when you finish reading the book______to understand the meaning.

are able 　 you be able 　 will be able 　 you able

8. Hardly had he finished his speech______the audience started cheering.

　 　e 　

9. Not until I began to work______how much time I had waste　D.

A.I didn't realize 　B.I did realize

I realize 　D.I realized

10. ______had he gone to sleep than someone knocked at the door.

sooner 　 soon as 　ly 　ly

11. ______,he didn't get his pay raise　D.

when he worked 　 he worked hard

as he worked 　 hard he worked

12. Seldom______him recently.

A.I met 　 I met 　C.I have met 　't I meet

13. Little______about what he wore and ate.

cared 　 he care 　 he care 　 cares

14. Only after liberation______to be treated as human beings.

they begin 　 had begun

did begin 　 they begun

15. So carelessly______that he almost killed himself.

drives 　 drove 　 he drive 　 he drive

16. Out______,with a stick in his han　D.

he rushed 　 rushed 　ed he 　 did rush

17. ______succeed in doing anything.

by working hard we can 　 only working hard we can

by working hard can we 　 we can by working hard

18. Now______.

s your turn 　 turn comes

coming your turn 　 your turn comeing

19. In front of our classroom building______many tall trees.

　 　ds 　d

20. Never before______such a beautiful house.

I see 　 I seen 　C.I have seen 　D.I did see

參考答案

1-10 CBADC ABDCA 11-20 CDABC DABCD