Unit 21 She taught herself

單元教學目標

1. 教學反身代詞

2. 進一步熟悉動詞的過去式

3. 學習由and、but等並列連詞構成的並列句

【重點難點解析】

1. 情態動詞could的用法

(1)用作一種委婉的語氣向對方提出建議或請求，在這種情況下，它與can沒有時間上的區別，可以換用，但could比can更委婉、更有禮貌。例如：

Could you ask him to call me, please?

請你讓他給我打電話好嗎?

(2)表示“過去能夠/有能力……”，could/couldn't是can/can't的過去式，在這種情況下，can與could不能互換，can表示現在或目前的狀況，而could表示過去的狀況，兩個詞有時間上的差別。例如：

Could you swim two years ago? 兩年前你會游泳嗎?

No, I couldn't. 不，我不會。

2. 反身代詞

(1)形式：

單數

myself yourself himself herself itself

複數

ourselves yourselves themselves

(2)一般情況下，當句子的主語和賓語是同一個人時，我們常用反身代詞作賓語。有些詞與反身代詞構成固定搭配：

①(all) by oneself 獨自，靠某人自己. 如：

She can do it all by herself. 她可以完全靠自己做這件事。

②hurt oneself 傷着自己，受傷. 例如：

I hope she didn't hurt herself. 我希望她沒受傷。

③teach oneself. . . =learn sth. by oneself 自學. 例如：

He teaches herself English. 她自學英語。

=She learns English by herself。

④buy oneself sth. 給自己買某物。例如：

I can buy myself lots of good things. 我可以給自己買許多好東西。

⑤enjoy oneself 過得愉快 (=have a good time)。例如：

I always enjoy myself. 我總是過得愉快。

=I always have a good time.

⑥look after oneself 自己照料自己。例如：

He could not look after himself. 他不能自理。

⑦wash oneself. 自己洗漱。例如：

He could not wash himself. 他不能自己洗漱。

⑧help oneself to. . . 請隨便(取、吃什麼東西)。例如：

Help yourselves to the cakes. 請隨便吃些蛋糕。

【命題趨勢分析】

用反身代詞填空。

1. Be careful not to hurt .

It's a new knife.

2. I don't need any help.

I can do it all by .

3. -Do you enjoy ?

-Yes, we enjoy very much.

4. Look at . What's wrong with your face?

5. She thinks more of others than of .

6. -Who taught her?

-Nobody! She taught .

7. He could not wash or get dressed.

8. Help to some cakes.

答案與解析：

1. yourself。“傷着自己”是hurt oneself，因為是祈使句，所以填yourself。

2. myself。all by oneself意為“完全靠自己”，意即不需別人幫助，因為主語是第一人稱I，所以應填myself。

3. yourselves, ourselves。“玩得痛快”用enjoy oneself，前句主語是you，答語的主語是we，由此可知you是複數，所以兩空應填yourselves, ourselves。

4. 從該句句意可知，所填反身代詞應為第二人稱，作look at的賓語。應填yourself。

5. herself。該句意為“她為別人想的比自己多”，主語是she，所以應填herself。

6. herself。“自學”譯為teach oneself，主語是she，所以賓語要用herself。

7. himself。主語是he，動詞wash的賓語應為himself。

8. yourself help oneself(to) 意為“隨便吃……”，又因為是祈使句，所以應用第二人稱，該空應填yourself。

核心知識

【常用詞彙積累】

1. 名詞：candle cookies moonlight sonata.

2. 動詞：afford knock pardon return shine shone.

3. 形容詞：blind bright clever dim few poor.

4. 副詞：brightly sign.

5. 介詞：through.

6. 代詞：yourself.

7. 詞組：come along， fall off， knock at， knock on， leave…behind， look up，to one's surprise.

【基礎知識精講】

1. Lily is falling off her bike。

fall off=fall down form 意思是“從…上摔下來”. 例如：

Be careful! Don't fall off the ladder.

小心點! 別從梯子上摔下來。

2. Look at this photo of Lily. 看莉莉的這張照片。

this photo of Lily. 強調的是照片中的人物就是莉莉，假如要強調這張照片歸莉莉所有， 要用Lily's photo。

3. She taught herself. 她自學

teach oneself 意為“自學”如：

we teach ourselves Japanese 我們自學日語

teach sb sth 如：

Miss Gao taught them English last year. 高老師去年教他們英語。

4. He heard someone playing his sonata in F.

他聽見某人正用F調在彈他的奏鳴曲。

hear sb doing 表示聽到某人正在做什麼. 如：

Lily heard Lin Tao singing in the classroom.

莉莉聽見林濤正在教室裏唱歌。

5. This piece of music is so difficult to play.

這首曲是如此難以彈奏。

so difficult to do sth. 表示“做什麼事非常難”

too…to 則表示太…而不能做. 如：

She is too young to go to school. 她太小了而不能上學。

6. We cannot afford to buy tickets of the concert.

我們沒有錢去買音樂會的票

afford to do sth 表示有“足夠的錢去做什麼事”

7. To his surprise he found the girl was blind.

使他驚奇的是，他發現那個女孩是個盲人。

to one's surprise. 使某人驚奇的是…

8. They both lost themselves in the beautiful music.

他們兩個都沉浸在美妙的音樂中。

lost oneself in 沉浸於…中

9. After Beethoven went back home, he worked all night written down that new piece of music.

貝多芬回家後，他工作了一整夜，寫下了那首新歌曲。

go back home 回家 all night 整夜 all day 整天 write down 寫下

10. He had lots of money. 他有許多錢。

lots of 意為“許多，很多”相當於 a lot of. 它們既可修飾可數名詞，又可修飾不可數名詞，常用在肯定句中，否定句中常用many和much來代替，如：

I have quite a lot of homework to do.

我有很多作業要做。

He doesn't have much money. 他沒有錢。

11. I don't enjoy myself very much. 我一點也不快樂。

enjoy oneself 意為“快樂，高興”，指某人內心感到愉快。

We enjoyed ourselves during the holiday. 我們假期很快樂。

12. we're going on a trip tomorrow. 明天我們要去旅行。

13. would you like to come along? 你想一起去嗎?

14. My little brother is too young to look after himself.

我弟弟太小了不能照顧自己。

look after oneself. 照看(顧)某人自己。

15. He may hurt himself and my parents will be very worried.

他也許會傷着自己，我父母會非常擔心的。

16. Help yourselves. Help oneself to…請隨便(取，吃什麼東西). 如：

Help yourself to the cakes. 請隨便吃些蛋糕。

17. Don't leave anything behind. 別丟下任何東西。

18. Thank you for serving us. 謝謝你招待我們。

Thank you for sth/doing. 謝謝某人某事。

典型例題

【課本難題解答】

1. 選擇填空。

Please when the train leaves.

A. find B. look for C. find out D. found out

解析：答案C. find與find out都有“發現”的意思。find表示偶然發現某物，find out指經過一番努力之後才發現某物，查出某事。而look for意為“尋找”只表示動作，不表示結果。所以正確答案為C。

2. 用所給動詞的適當形式填空。

The Greens (have) breakfast now.

解析：從句中時間狀語now判斷，該句的謂語動詞是正在發生，因此是現在進行時態，the Greens是姓氏複數前加the表示“……一家”是複數形式，所以正確答案是are having.

3. 用所給單詞的適當形式填空。

They enjoyed (they) at the party.

解析：當動詞所表達的動作反射到動作者本身時，應該用反身代詞。enjoy oneself是固定搭配，所以應填themselves.

4. 改錯：

Can you swim when you were 5 years old?

A B C D

解析：本句意為“你五歲時會游泳嗎? ”指的是以前的事，用一般過去時，因此can應為could。A錯。

【閲讀分析點撥】

I arrived in the United States on February 6, 1986, but I still remember my first day here very clearly. My friend was waiting for me when my plane landed at Demedy Airport at three o'clock in the afternoon. The weather was very cold and it was snowing, but I was too excited to mind. From the airport, my friend and I took a taxi to my hotel. My friend helped me unpack at the hotel and then left me because he had to go back to work. He promised(答應)to return the next day.

Shortly after my friend had left. I went to a restaurant next the hotel to get something to eat. Because I couldn't speak a word of English, I couldn't tell the waiter what I wanted. I was very upset(苦惱)and started to make gestures(手勢) ，but the waiter didn't understand me. Finally, I ordered the same thing the man at the next table was eating. After dinner, I started to walk around the city. I wanted to see everything on my first day. I knew it impossible, but I wanted to try.

( )1. February 6, 1986 was a day unforgettable(難以忘懷)to the writer because .

A. it was his first day in America

B. it was very dear that day

C. it was very cold that day

D. that day he took a plane and landed at Kennedy Airport

( )2. At the airport he was greeted(迎接) by .

A. a friend of his

B. one of his relatives(親戚)

C. someone he had not met before

D. no one

( )3. Which of the following is not true?

A. His friend promised to be at the hotel again.

B. He and his friend took a taxi to the hotel.

C. His friend helped him unpack at the hotel.

D. His friend left him right after they got to the hotel.

( )4. He went to to get something to eat.

A. an inn(客棧)

B. a tea house

C. a pub(小酒館)

D. a nearby restaurant

( )5. He did not have what he really wanted, because .

A. he didn't want something to eat

B. he could only make gestures

C. the waiter could not serve(服務) well

D. he could not speak English

關於“Unit 21 She taught herself”的常見問題】

常見問題1: Unit 21

問題：

1. We should(應該) find out the answer by .

A. ours B. our C. ourselves

. -Who're fishing(釣魚) over there?

- . ('97山東)

A. Browns B. Brown C. The Brown D. The Browns

3. She is a new student Lucy. ('97陝西)

A. is called B. calls C. called D. calling

4. Help to some fish, children. ('97陝西)

A. you B. your C. yourself D. yourselves

5. -Help yourself to some fish.

- . ('97天津)

A. Yes, all right B. That's all right

C. Yes, please D. No, thank you

解答:

1. C. “by+反身代詞”意為“獨自”、“單獨”，相當於alone。在by前加all，起加強語氣作用。

2. D. “the+複數姓氏”意為“某某一家人”或“某夫婦”。

3. C. called Lucy在這裏意為“被稱作露茜的”。該短語叫過去分詞短語，作後置定語，修飾前面的名詞。

4. D. “help+反身代詞+介詞to”意為“隨便吃些……”，是招待客人的禮貌用語。本題因勸請的對象不是一人(注意children)，故不能用C。

5. D. 對方勸請你吃東西時，按英美人的習慣，道聲“謝謝”後便可毫不客氣地吃；如果真的不想吃或吃飽了，應該禮貌地加以拒絕，這時常説“No, thank you(thanks). ”等。