英語高考專題複習講與練（14）定語從句

一、考點聚焦

1、功能：相當於形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語

2、位置：定語從句置於被修飾詞之後

Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.

3、先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞

（1）先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如:some-, any-, every-和no與-boy, -thing的合成詞；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。

（2）先行詞與關係詞是等量關係。必須注意兩點：

①先行詞在從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的數由先行詞而定。

This is the place which is worth visiting.

②關係詞在從句句子中充當了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重複其意。

There are many places we can visit（them）in China.

4、關係詞：引導定語從句的都稱關係詞

關係代詞：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。

關係副詞：when, where, why。that偶爾也作關係副詞。

5、確定關係詞的步驟

（1）先找關係詞，看先行詞指的是什麼。

（2）看關係詞在從句中所充當的成分。

6、在定語從句中，當先行詞指物時，下列情況的關係詞宜用that而不用which

（1）先行詞被①形容詞最高級 ②序數詞 ③數詞幾種詞修飾或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修飾時。

（2）先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時。

（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時。

He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.

（4）先行詞在主句中作表語關係詞在從句中作表語時。

The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.

（5）當主句中含有疑問詞which時。

Which are the books that you bought for me ?

7、宜用which而不用that的情況

（1）在非限制性定語從句中

（2）在關係詞前有介詞時

（3）當先行詞本身是that時

（4）當關系詞離先行詞較遠時

8、關係詞who與that指人時，也有不同情況分別用不同的關係詞

（1）當主句是there be句型時，關係詞用who。

（2）先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時，關係詞用who。

（3）當主句是who作疑問詞時，關係詞用that。

Who is that girl that is standing by the window?

（4）whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。

9、whose作關係詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語。如：

Do you know h whose story is very moving ?

There is a room, whose window faces the river.

There is a room, the window of which faces the river.

10、關係代詞as,在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。

（1）先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many（much）中，從句都用as 引導。

Such books as you bought are useful.

The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.

注意：區別①such … that … 引導的結果狀語從句。They are such

lovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引導定語從句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.

（2）無先行詞的定語從句用as和which引導。

區別：①意義上：as 含有“這點正如……一樣”。②位置上：as 從句可置句首，也可在另處。

He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.

There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.

As is known, the earth is round, not flat.

11、關係副詞when與where、why、that

when 指時間 = in / at / on / during which

where指地點 = in / at / from / which

why指原因 = for which

當先行詞為way、day、reason、time時，可用that作關係副詞。（非正式場合）

I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.

當time作先行詞時，關係詞可以省掉。

This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.

12、必須注意的問題

（1）關係詞作主語時，從句中謂語的數。

（2）注意區別定語從句與強調句。

①定語從句中關係詞作從句成分，複合句。

②強調it無意義，that / who不是引導詞。

③強調it is / was和that / who後如果句子意思講得通則是強調句，講不通則不是。

It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定語從句)

It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（強調句）

（3）定語從句與同位語從句的區別。

①定語從句引導詞被稱為關係詞，that充當主語、賓語、表語。有時可省略。

②同位語從句引導詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當任何成分，不可省。

Word came that their army was defeated.(同位語)

We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定語)

（4）關係詞在從句中省略的情況。

①關係詞作賓語，前無介詞時。

②關係詞作表語。

（5）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的翻譯。

（6）關係詞前有介詞或複雜介詞，關係詞只能是which和whom。

（7）幾個特殊的定語從句句型：

①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks

in the match.（句中one為先行詞）

He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students為先行詞）

②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?

Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?

③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.

④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.

二、精典名題導解

選擇填空

1. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.（NMET 2001）

l e

解析：答案為C。本題考查分隔定語從句的關係詞的選擇。作好本題的關鍵是要能辨認出該定語從句的先行詞the hours和關係詞被介詞短語to me所分隔。定語從句的先行詞是表時間的名詞hours, 並且關係詞在從句中用作狀語，故應選擇表示時間的關係副詞when。

2. ___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET 2001)

解析：答案為B。本題考查as引導的非限制定語從句。as作“正如……”解時，引導的非限制性定語從句來修飾整個句子。當as在從句中作主語時，常用於下列短語：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作關係代詞引導定語從句的用法。

3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.(NMET 1996)

h e

解析：答案為B。本題考查限制性定語從句中關係詞的選擇。定語從句的先行詞是表示地點的名詞短語the small town, 且關係詞不作定語從句中的主語和賓語而作地點狀語，因此定語從句必須用關係副詞where引導。要注意分清先行詞在從句中充當的成分，然後選擇適當的關係詞。

定語從句

1．I can still remember the sitting room my mother and I used to sit in the evening．

A．what B．which C．that D．where

2．The man was a friend of mine．

A．that you just talked to B．whom you just talked to him

C．who you just talked to him D．you just talked

3．1’ll never forget the place I visited ten years ago.

A．where B．that C．in which D．what

4． We all know，oil and water don’t mix up．

A．That B．What C．Which D．As

5．All is needed is a Supply of oil．

A．the thing B．that C．what D．which

6．Last night we went to Ann’s party， we enjoyed very much．

A．when B．that C．which D．where

7．There is a mountain the top is always covered with snow．

A．of that B．of which C．its D．that

8．This is the only dictionary he often turns to for help．

A．which B．that C．what D．one

9．I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place you may spend your weekend．

A．that B．w hich C．when D．where

lO．Football， is a very interesting game，is played all over the world．

A．that B．which C．it D．who

11． has already been pointed out，grammar is not a set of dead rules．

A．As B．It C．That D．Which

12．Alice received an invitation from her boss, came as a surprise．

A．it B．that C．which D．he

13． leaves the room last is asked to turn off the lights．

A．Anyone B．Who C．Everyone D．Whoever

14．The wolves hid themselves in the place couldn’t be found．

A．that B．where C．in which D．in that

15．We will be shown around and city；schools，museums，and some other places， other visitors seldom go．

A．what B．which C．where D．when

定語從句

1-5 DABDB 6-10 CBBDB 1l-15 ACDAC