高中英語定語從句課件參考

導語：本節課的知識點相對比較多但難度係數不大，主要是講定語從句的各個關係詞具體用法。以下是為大家整理的高中英語定語從句課件，希望能夠幫助大家！

教學過程

一、複習預習

1、對上節課課後作業中的問題進行查漏補缺；

2、導入：

e.g. She is a beautiful girl.

She is a beautiful girl who drives me crazy.

二、知識講解

（一）定語從句定義

1、定語從句：在複合句中，修飾某個名詞或代詞的句子（做這個名詞或代詞的

定語）叫定語從句，定語從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞後面。

2、先行詞：被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做定語從句的先行詞。

3、關係詞：用來引導定語從句的詞叫做關係詞。

關係代詞的種類：

關係代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose, as

關係副詞：when, where, why

4、定語從句結構：先行詞+關係詞+定語從句。

a、There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.

b、 In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.

c、Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.

d、Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.

（二）定語從句分類

限定性定語從句：從句對先行詞進行必要的描述或説明，對先行詞起修飾限定作用，從句與先行詞緊密相連，缺少它則句義顯得不完整，一般不用逗號隔開。 非限定性定語從句：對先行詞進行補充説明，解釋，它與先行詞關係鬆散，用逗號隔開。

1、The man who gave me this book is Tom .(限定性)

2、Tom,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (非限定性)

（三）關係代詞

1、who指人，在定語從句中作主語。

e.g. The man who is sitting under the tree is a German .

2、Whom指人，在句中做賓語，可省略，但在做介詞的賓語是隻能用whom,不能用who。關係代詞前有介詞時不能省略。

e.g. I know the girl (whom) the teacher is speaking to .

I know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking .

3、whose, 作定語，可指人或物

e.g. Everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead.

re the lazy students whose homework wasn’t handed in .

4、that 指人或物，多指物，作主語（不能省略）或賓語（可省略）

e.g. He is the finest comrade that has helped us .

This is a plant that grows in the north .

5、which ,指物，在句中做主語（不能省略），或賓語（可省略）。

e.g. This is a plant which grows in the north .

☆常用that不用which的情況

1、當先行詞是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代詞時，只用that。

歌訣助記：不定代詞這路貨，全用that準沒錯。

Pay attention to everything that I do.

2、當先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時，只用that。

歌訣助記：先行詞前被限定，千萬不要用which。

This is the best novel (that)I have read.

3、如果出現兩個或兩個以上的先行詞，並同時兼指人和物時，關係代詞用that。 歌訣助記：兩項並列人與物，引導定從用that。

They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school.

4、當先行詞被the only, the last, the way, the same等修飾時。

This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.

5、在疑問詞which開頭的特殊疑問句中，為了避免重複只用that。

Which of the students that knows something about history.

6、當被修飾的成分是數詞時，（被修飾成分是代名詞one，指人時除外）只用that. I’ve got one that you might be interested in.

☆常用which，不用that的情況

1、引導非限制性定語從句。

Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.

全世界都踢足球，它是一項有趣的運動。

2、直接放在介詞後作賓語時（介詞+關係代詞結構中）。

Language is the most important tool without which people can't communicate with each other.語言是最重要的工具，沒有它，人們便無法交流。

（四）關係副詞

1、when 指時間

（1）在定語從句中作狀語，先行詞主要為一些時間名詞（year ,day ,time,week等）,但時間名詞在從句中作主語，賓語時，應用that，which，不能用when

e.g. I’ll never forget the time when (during which ) we worked on the farm.作狀語 I still remember the day that/which is his birthay.做主語

He regretted the days that /which he spent on play . 做賓語

（2）It is the first time that …句型中，that是習慣用法，不用when。

e.g. It is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall .

2、where 指地點

（1）指前面的地點，在從句中作狀語。

e.g. I know the factory where I worked twenty years ago .

（2）指地點，在句中作主語，賓語時不能用where，須用that/which .

e.g. This is the house where he has lived for 20 years （作狀語）.

This is the house that he has lived in for 20 years .（作賓語）

e.g. This is the shool ｛in which /where we study every year.（作狀語）

This is the shool that /which we visited yesterday. （作賓語） .

（3）當先行詞為某個方面、情況、階段、位置等的詞時使用關係副詞

3、why 表示原因

“the reason why ……. ”中，不能用because 代替that .

e.g. That’s the reason why (for which ) he didn’t come to school .

The reason why he didn’t attend the meeting is that he was ill .

但reason 在從句中做賓語時，關係代詞用that/which ,可省略

e.g. I don’t believe the reason (which/that) he gave me .

（五）“介詞+關係代詞”引導的定語從句

當先行詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，往往可以把介詞放在關係代詞之前，構成“介詞+關係代詞（whom/which）”結構。但一些短語如look after 等中的介詞不能與動詞分開，故不能放在關心代詞之前。確定介詞時：

一是，依據定語從句中動詞所需要的某種習慣搭配；

二是，依據先行詞的某種習慣搭配；

三是，根據所要表達的意思來確定。

e.g. That’s the reason why (for which ) he didn’t come to school .

（六）非限定性定語從句

關係代詞在非限定性定語從句中的用法。

指人做主語用who,作賓語用whom ，指地點用where，指時間when，指物只用which，不能用that，作定語用whose。

e.g. He didn’t see the film, which was very interesting .(不用that)

（七）as 引導的限制性定語從句

A . such … 和 the same…as 的用法

such …： 像….一樣的，像…..之類；the same…as： 和…..同樣的

在這兩個句型中，as是關係代詞，such和same 作定語，修飾主語裏的某個名詞（或代詞），這個名詞是由as引導的定語從句的先行詞，as在從句中可擔任主語、賓語或表語。

Eg： We have found such materials as are used in their factory.( 在從句中作主語) I seldom give my students such a difficult problem as they cannot work out.（在從句中作賓語）

The result is not the same as they had expected.( 在從句中作賓語)

重點比較 :

the same …as…和 the same …that…

the same…as…:和…..相同（代指同類事物）；

the same …that…：和….相同（代指同一事物）

兩者都引導定語從句。as 從句中説明的名詞與the same 修飾的名詞是同一類，而非同一個。that從句中説明的名詞與the same 修飾的名詞是同一個。

Eg：He is reading the same book that you bought yesterday.

He is reading the same book as you bought yesterday.

This is the same pen that I lost. =This is the pen that I lost.(指同一支筆)

This is the same (kind/type/sort) of pen as I lost.（指同類型的筆，但並不是我丟失的那一支）

B. … as …的用法

… as …中的such為代詞，意思是“這樣的人或物”，as 在從句中作賓語，修飾先行詞such。

Eg： This book is not such as I expect.

He told me of his experience such as I had never had before.