“進行時”的多樣性

作者：丁鳳麗 劉美紅

進行時由助動詞 be 的不同形式加現在分詞構成,它的用法具有多樣性,主要表現在以下五方面:

I. 進行性

進行性是進行時的最基本用法,也是高考考查的重點,表示當時動作正在進行。如:

1) A new cinema ________ here. They hope to finish it next month.

A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built

正確選項是D。所提供的情景They hope to finish it next month.説明電影院還在建設之中,要用現在進行時。

2) The reporter said that the UFO ________ east to west when he saw it.

A. was traveling B. traveled

C. had been traveling D. was to travel

正確選項是A。敍述報告者當時看到UFO的情景,要用過去進行時。

3)-Hey, look where you are going!

-Oh, I'm terribly sorry. ________ .

A. I'm not noticing B. I wasn't noticing

C. I haven't noticed D. I don't notice

正確選項是B。表示剛才沒有注意到,要用過去進行時。

II. 暫時性 (進行時的這一用法是近幾年高考考查的重點。)

暫時性是進行時最經常的用法,是指暫時性的事件和暫時性的狀態。進行時説明説話時或工作時某事正在發生並強調該動作的有限持續或尚未完成。如:

Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because the technology ________ so rapidly.

A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change

正確答案是A。表示這種情況正在進行,並強調仍未完成這一概念。不少同學選B,但完成時通常表示完成的動作。又如:

1) Shirley ________ a book about China last year, but I don't know whether she has finished it.

A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing

答案應為D,表示情況仍在進行,還未出現結果。

2) -Is this raincoat yours?

-No, mine ________ there behind the door.

A. hangs B. has hung C. is hanging D. hung

正確答案應為C,表示暫時性的情況,雨衣只是暫時放那兒,隨時要帶走的。

3) E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication.

A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play

正確選項是A,表示這種情況正在進行,並會延續下去。

4) I don't really work here, I ________ until the new secretary arrives.

A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out

所提供的情境是 I don't really work here,言外之意是我在這兒只是暫時幫忙。所以正確選項是C。

III. 將來性

進行時可以用來指與一定的計劃、安排有關的將來。如:

1) How long are you staying in Xi'an?

2) How are you getting there?

上述的兩句話均用進行時表示將來。常用進行時表將來的動詞有go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, fly, stay, do, have等。如:

I've won a ticket for two weeks to Florida. I ________ my mum.

A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken

正確答案是A,該動作尚未發生,表示一種計劃、打算、安排要發生的事情。

注意:英語中還有用一般現在時表示具有一定程度的"將來"意義。這些一般都是表示公共汽車、火車、輪船、飛機等的班次時間。如:

Hurry! There are only thirty minutes left. The plane leaves at seven.

IV. 特有習慣性

與always, forever, all the time, constantly等連用時,進行時可以表示某些事情是持續不斷或重複發生的,常帶有一種感情色彩,如"讚歎、厭煩、不滿"等。如:

1) You shouldn't be always translating English into your own language while learning English.

2) The little boy is forever asking silly questions.

3) He is always asking me for money.

V. 反覆性

進行時還可以表示暫時性與重複性的結合。此外,進行時替代一般時態(一般現在時、一般過去時)可以達到委婉、誠懇的效果。如:

1) I'm getting up early this week to prepare for my final examinations.

2) I'm expecting you to write to me.