現在完成時全接觸(三)
- 高中英語作文
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前兩期我們介紹了現在完成時及其第一種用法,今天我們來學習第二種用法。
接觸七:用法之二
表示過去已經開始,一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。
因為表示的是持續的動作或狀態,所以使用的動詞通常是延續性動詞,如be, stay, study, wait, keep, have 等;使用的時間狀語通常由for或since 引導,但二者後接的詞有所不同:
for後常跟一個時間段,指某個動作到現在為止已持續了多長時間,如for three years, for half an hour等。
since 作介詞,後面可以接一個時間點,如since1980,也可以接“一段時間+ago”,如since three years ago, since two months ago等。since 還可用作連詞,引導一個過去時態的時間狀語從句。如:
We've known each other since we went to college.
非延續性動詞不能直接和for 或since 連用,但我們可以找一個相應的延續性動詞或動詞短語來替換這些非延續性動詞,如come→be, come to→be in / at, go out→ be out, leave→be away, begin / start→be on, stop→ be over,buy→ have, borrow→ keep, open→be open, close→be closed, join→be a member of, die→be dead, catch a cold→have a cold, get to know→know, become a teacher →be a teacher, fall asleep→be asleep, fall ill→ be ill等。
句型It is the first (second, third...) time that...的that從句中,謂語動詞須用現在完成時,表示到説話時為止動作發生過幾次。如:It is the first time that I have been here.
接觸八:常用於現在完成時的時間狀語
除了我們講過的already, yet, still,just, ever, never, since短語和 for短語外,還有許多時間狀語常用於現在完成時,我們要留心將它們和一般過去時的時間狀語區分開來:
1. lately, recently是完成時的時間狀語;just now 有a moment ago 之意,是過去時的時間狀語。如:
Have you heard from your family lately/recently?
Did you see Joan just now?
2. in the past few years 意思是“過去幾年來”,常用於完成時中;in the past意思是“在過去”,常用於過去時中。 如:
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.
Where did you work in the past?
3. ever since then與from then on / after that 都有“打那以後”之意,但前者常用於完成時,而後兩者常用於過去時。如:
She's lived here ever since then.
I didn't hear of Jim from then on/after that.
4. before 通常用於完成時;通常用於過去時。如:
I've never been to Japan before.
She went to Japan two years ago.
5. so far“到目前為止”, these days“這些天來”也是現在完成時常見的時間狀語。如:
So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon.
What have you done these days?
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