高考英語influence affect的區別詞語辨析

高考英語詞語辨析：affect, effect, influence的區別

1. affect 與 effect 均可表示“影響”，其區別是：前者是動詞(及物)，主要指一時的影響，着重影響的動作，可指一般意義的影響(不分好壞)，也可指不良影響;後者是名詞(可數或不可數)，兩者的關係大致為：affect=have an effect on。如：

To affect a policy is to have an effect on it. 影響一項政策就是對該政策具有一種影響。

The news did not affect her at all.=The news had no effect on her at all. 這條消息對她沒有一點影響。

注：effect 有時雖用作動詞(及物)，但不表示“影響”，而表示“實現”或“產生”等。如：

They effected their escape in the middle of the night. 他們半夜逃脱了。

He effected great changes in the company. 他使公司發生了巨大的變化。

2. influence 表示“影響”，主要指對行為、性格、觀點等產生間接的或潛移默化的影響。可用作動詞(及物)或名詞(通常不可數，但有時可連用不定冠詞)。如：

What you read influences your thinking. 你讀的東西對你的思想有影響。

It’s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的畫顯然受了畢加索的影響。

Television has a strong influence on people. 電視對人有很大的影響。

高考英語詞語辨析：about, on, with用法辨異

這三個介詞的用法既有相同之處，也有不同之處。分述如下：

1. 三者均可表示“隨身帶着”，有時可互換。如：

I have no money about [on, with] me. 我身邊沒帶錢。

2. 嚴格説來，這三個詞是有區別的：

(1) about 一般指隨身帶的小物品。如：

Have you a ballpoint pen about you? 你身上帶圓珠筆了嗎?

2) with 多指帶較大的東西(也可指較小的東西)。如：

He took an umbrella with him. 他隨身帶了把傘。

3) on 表示帶在身上(如在口袋裏)。如：

Have you any money on you? 你身上帶着錢嗎?

注：此例若用 with 或 about，則不一定放在身上，可能放在皮包裏等。

3. 用於引申義，表示某人或某物的特性或特徵，通常用 about。如：

There is something noble about him. 他有一種高貴的氣質。

He always has his wits about him. 他一向不失機智(16)。

We can see something beautiful about the old cottage. 從這座古老的小屋本身我們可以看到一些美的東西。

注：以上用法中的 about 有時可與介詞 in 換用，前者側重指外在表現，後者側重指內在素質。

高考英語詞語辨析：after 與 behind 用法辨析

兩者均可表示“在……之後”，既有相同之處，也有不同之處。分述如下：

1. after 主要用於時間或次序，behind 主要用於位置。如：

He decided to leave after lunch. 他決定午飯後離開。

Summer comes after spring. 春去夏來。

The hospital is behind the post office. 醫院在郵局後面。

注：behind 有時也用於時間，表示“遲於”，主要用於 behind time(遲，晚)這一習語。如：

The train was 20 minutes behind time. 火車晚點 20 分鐘。

2. 兩者都可用於引申義，after 側重指追求、尋找、模仿等;而behind 則側重指在背後、支持、落後等。如：

The police are after her. 警察在追捕她。

Many young people are after her. 許多年青人都追求她。

We are behind you completely. 我們完全支持你。

He is behind the others in maths. 他的數學不如別人。

高考英語詞語辨析：accident 與 incident辨析

1. accident 指偶然發生的不幸事件，即“事故”;incident 則指普通的小事件，也指暴力性的政治事件。如：

About ten people were killed in the car accident. 在這次車禍中大約有10個人喪生。

That was one of the strangest incidents in my life. 那是我一生中最奇怪的事情之一。

The book is about the July 7th Incident. 這本書是關於七七事變的。

2. 在習語 by accident (偶然地)中，不能用 incident。如：

I found the wallet quite by accident. 我找到這個錢包純屬偶然。

高考英語詞語辨析：如何辨析area, region 與 district

三者均可表示“地區”，區別如下：

1. area 是這組詞中用得最廣的，表示的“地區”可大可小，但通常不指行政分區。如：

I find the people in this area very friendly. 我發現這個 地方的人很友好。

2. region 通常指較大的地區，它既可以表示一個國家的行政分區，也可以指非行政分區。如：

The southeast is the richest of England. 英國的東南部是最富有的。

Italy is divided into 20 regions. 意大利被分為20個行政區。

其他用例：

the Arctic region 北極地區 an oil region 石油產區

in country regions 在農村地區 a forest region 林區

3. district 指相對於 region 稍小的地區，通常指一個國家或城市的行政分區，有時也指非行政分區。如：

The letters SW1 stand for a postal district of London. SW1 這幾個字母代表倫敦的郵政分區。

The busiest shopping district in Beijing is around Wangfujing Street. 北京最熱鬧的商業區是王府井大街一帶。

2016高考英語抓分訓練：動詞和動詞短語辨析及答案詳解

2014高考英語抓分訓練：動詞和動詞短語辨析

friends suggest that he should take any job he can get and shouldn't________and choose.

t

statement said five people died at the scene in this accident, while 15 others, their teacher included, were ________ dead by the afternoon.

inced ribed

itted irmed

3. The colour of that Tshirt ________ and made all the other clothes pink.[來源:]

ppeared

4. It ________ unusual courage and determination to make the break with his family.

ed

t ed

5. Lucy has ________ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.

ired shed

C. concluded eved

6. He has talents by which he might ___ _____ himself.

se re

inguish

US government on Wednesday ________ former Commerce Secretary Gary Locke as ambassador to China, making him the first ChineseAmerican ever to take the post.

mulated ected

inguished irmed

8. Miss Green often said “God helps those who help themselves”， intending to ________ on us the significance of being independent.

ess

s

reason why the housing prices in big cities are going up all the time is that people are ________ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.[來源:]

king ing[來源:]

ing ezing

not fear them, for there is nothing covered that will not be ________， and nothing hidden that will not be made known.

icized ned

mated aled

ning to ________ makes it easier for one to get along with others in work and life.

te

e n

ntly the south of our country has been worst ________ by the drought.

essed cted

essed gned

daughter ________ to be a famous musician, so you should keep her practising the piano.

ises es

cts ends

's no surprise she's leaving the course—she's never really________.

ed in ed up

n in t up

15.I listened carefully to his long b oring speech, but could not ________ what he was talking abou t.

out ng out

out out

16.—Did you see Jay Chou at his album signing?

—Not waited in line for an hour, only to be ________ at the door.

ed away ed out

ed off ed up

17. Whenever I look at these photos, they will ________ happy memories of my stay in New York.

off for

up on

18. The secretary has a lot of things to ________ in the office since she has been away for quite a few days.

up up

out y out

is so noisy in the restaurant and hard for us to________a conversation.

on on

y on on

20.—Shall I ________ the raincoat?

—No hurry. Leave it where it is. It looks like rain.

away on

forward up

21. A wellwritten composition ________ good choice of words and clear organization.

s on s for

s up s off

22.—Why are you ________ your things?

—Well, the fact is, I've decided to leave.

ing up ing up

ing up ng up

23.A cellphone could ________the energy which could activate your brain.

away off

back up

24. How much you earn is not very is how you earn the money that ________.

ts es

s s

pretty girl really ________ my eye the moment the performance started.

ht

ed d

26. While prices are rising so fast, many people are working out ways to ________down their expenses.

le

China National Environmental Monitoring Centre________ air quality in urban areas from levels one to five: excellent, fairly good, slightly polluted, poor and dangerous.

ributes nges

sifies des

28. Some parents are just too protective. They want to ________ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.

A.spot iss

ter inguish

29. My brother is very tall. The little bed won't ________ for him.

are h

30.—If your son keeps practising, he ________ to make a famous crosscountry skier in our province.

—I'm thrilled with joy and very grateful to you, Mr Li.

s s

ises es

parents and teenagers should try their best to communicate more with each other and ________ the gap between them.

st

ow ce

you should do is just ________ the milk until it boils and then turn off the gas.

h ce

e nd

primary goal of UNESCO is to ________ modern knowledge society in which all people can participate in information and knowledge.

up sh up

d up up

r decades of effort, the city is still trying to ________ how to ban smoking in public places.

through through

re out out

public ________ Yuan Longping, a great mind who has devoted himself to the research into hybrid ri ce(雜交水稻).

up to up to

up with up with

36.—Jack can't concentrate on his lessons recently.

—Yes, that might ________ why he did so badly in the last test.

er for y for

unt for for

did have a quarrel about money last night, but now we have already ________.

n up up

up ght up

and more rich people have promised to ________ their wealth after death to help the poor and the disabled.

away up

out off

is reported that the police will soon ________ the case of the two missing children.

upon after

into out

middleaged man said he would accept the job, so we have asked him to ________ his acceptance in writing.

irm ey

ince ider

mber to ________ a good state of mind even if you should fail plenty of times.

up h up

up up

she ________ her promise，she would have made it to Yale University.

ed up to d up to

up with up with

as Professor Scotti often ________ it, success is ninetynine per cent of mental attitude.

s

s

keys were ________ to our neighbours du ring our absence.

n out n away

n over n up

答案詳解：

1.A 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他的朋友建議他應該做他能得到的任何工作而不應該挑挑揀揀。

2.D 考查動詞辨析。句意：有報告稱，5人在這次意外事故中當場死亡，然而另外的15人包括他們的老師在內截止到下午被證實死亡。be confirmed dead被證實死亡。

3.C 考查動詞詞義辨析。此處run意為“褪色”。句意：那件T恤衫的顏色掉了，把其他所有衣服都染成了粉紅色。

4.A 考查動詞的用法。此處it為形式主語，後面的to make the break with his family是真正的主語。

5.D 考查動詞詞義辨析。此處achieve意為“完成，做到，獲得(勝利等)，達到(目的)”，指克服困難之後取得成功、成就或實現預期的目標，強調結果。根據其賓語all of the goals可判斷出“Lucy達到/實現了所有的目標”。acquire 取得，獲得;finish 完成，結束;conclude 結束，終止。

6.C 考查動詞辨析。此處expose 意為“揭露，揭發;使曝光;顯示”;admire意為“欽佩;讚美”;distinguish 意為“區分;辨別;使傑出，使表現突出 ”;hide 意為“隱藏;隱瞞”。句意：他有一些別於常人的能力。

7.D 考查動詞詞義辨析。此處confirm sb as意為“任命某人為……”。句意：星期三美國政府任命原商務部部長Gary Locke為中國大使，使他成為第一個擔任這個職位的美籍華人。

8.B 考查動詞詞義辨析。此處impress on sb sth意為“使……意識到某事”。句意：格林女士經常説：“天助自助者”，她有意識地使我們意識到獨立的重要性。

9.B 考查動詞詞義辨析。此處pour into意為“湧向……”。句意：大城市房價一直上升的原因之一是人們大量地湧入過度擁擠的大城市。

10.D 考查動詞詞義辨析。criticize批評;define限制;estimate估計;reveal揭發，揭露。句意：不要害怕，沒有不被揭露的事情，任何隱藏的事情都得被人們知道。

11.C 考查動詞詞義辨析。create創造;live生活;share分享;learn學習。句意：學會分享可以使人在工作和生活中與他人相處得更容易。

12.B 考查動詞詞義辨析。impress刻印;affect影響;express表達;design設計。句意：最近，我國南方受到了最嚴重的旱災的影響。[來源:]

13.A 考查動詞詞義辨析。此處promise表示“很可能，預示”。agree同意;expect期待;pretend假裝。句意：你女兒有可能成為著名的音樂家，所以你應該讓她練習彈鋼琴。

14.A 考查動詞短語辨析。fit in適應，合得來;show up 出現，露面;give in屈服;burn up燒光。句意：她離開這個課程一點兒也不奇怪。她從來沒有真正適應過。

15.C 考查動詞短語辨析。此處make out意為“弄明白”。句意：我仔細地聽了他宂長而令人厭煩的.演講，但沒能明白他在講什麼。

16.A 考查動詞短語辨析。此處turn away意為“拒絕”。句意：……我們排隊等了一個小時，結果在門口被拒絕了。

17.C 考查動詞短語辨析。此處call up意為“喚起”。句意：每當我看到這些照片，它們就會喚起我在紐約的美好回憶。

18.B 考查動詞短語辨析。 句意：祕書要把辦公室留下的許多事補回來，因為她已經外出好多天了。make up“彌補”，符合語境。take up佔據;work out算出;carry out執行。都不合句意。

19.C 考查動詞短語辨析。此處carry on意為“繼續”。句意：飯店太吵鬧了，我們很難繼續談話。

20.A 考查動詞短語辨析。此處put away意為“把……收起”。句意：“我把雨衣收起來好嗎?”“不急。把它放在原處。天看起來要下雨。”

21.B 考查動詞短語辨析。句意：一篇寫得好的文章需要好的措詞和清晰的結構。此處call for意為“需要”。

22.B 考查動詞短語辨析。此處pack up意為“收拾”。句意：“你為什麼收拾你的東西?”“事實是我決定離開。”

23.B give away 捐贈; give off 發出，放出;give back 歸還;give up 放棄。故選B。

24.A 考查 動詞詞義辨析。句意：你掙多少錢不重要，重要的是你怎樣掙錢。

25.A 考查動詞詞義辨析。此處catch one's eye意為“吸引某人的眼球，引起某人的注意”。

26.A 考查動詞短語辨析。cut down削減，縮短，砍倒;put down放下，寫下，批評，奚落，貶損;turn down關小，調低，拒絕;settle down安頓下來。與費用(expenses)有關時，常用削減(cut down)費用。句意：當價格飛漲時，許多人做出了削減費用的舉措。故A為最佳答案。

27.C 考查動詞辨析。句意：國家環境監控中心把城市空氣質量分成五級……。cla ssify 表示“分類”，故選C項。distribute 分配，散佈;arrange 安排;divide 分割，分開。

28.C 考查動詞辨析。根據前一句中的內容可知父母想給孩子提供“庇護”，讓他們避免各種危險，無論是真實的，還是想象的。spot認出，發現; dismiss開除，解散; distinguish區分。都不符合語意。shelter…from… 保護……免受(危險等)。

29.D 考查動詞辨析。do for sb意思是“適合……，對……有效”。

30.C 考查動詞詞義辨析。此處promise意為“有希望成為……”。句意：“如果你的兒子堅持訓練，他有望成為我們省著名的跨國飛行員。”“我非常高興，也很感激你，李老師。”

31.C 考查動詞詞義辨析。此處narrow意為“縮小，使……變窄”。

32.A 考查動詞詞義辨析。watch關注;notice注意到;sense感覺;attend參加。句意：你應該做的事就是看着牛奶直到它開了，然後關掉煤氣。

33.C 考查動詞短語。題意：建立現代化的知識社會，讓所有人都能參與信息與知識，是聯合國教科文組織的主要目標之一。build up建立;make up彌補，虛構，整理，和解，化粧;polish up改善，潤色;give up放棄。

34.C 考查動詞短語辨析。look through看穿，瀏覽;get through做完，通過;figure out解決，想出辦法;take out拿出，取出。句意：經過幾十年的努力，這座城市仍然在試圖解決如何禁止在公共場合吸煙的問題。

35.B 考查動詞短語辨析。根據語意“人們尊敬袁隆平，這位全身心地投入雜交水稻研究的偉人”可知選B項。look up to 尊敬;live up to 不辜負，達到;come up with 提出，想到;put up with 容忍，忍受。

36.C 考查動詞短語辨析。語境：那有可能是他上次考試考得如此糟糕的原因。account for 是……的原因，説明，解釋;answer for 對……負責;apply for 向……申請;call for 需要。

37.B 考查動詞短語辨析。句意：昨天晚上我們確實因為錢的問題吵了一架，但現在我們已經和好了。注意關鍵信息did have a quarrel和but。take up佔據(時、空)，從事;make up彌補，和解;put up舉起，張貼;bring up教育，培養，提出。根據句意可知B項正確。

38.A 考查動詞短語辨析。give away分發;give up放棄;give out 用完，分發，發出;give off發出(氣味，熱、光等)。句意：越來越多的富人承諾他們死後把他們的財產分發下去以幫助窮人及殘疾人。

39.C 考查動詞短語辨析。句意：據報道，警察很快會調查兩名失蹤兒童的案件。look into調查;look upon尊敬; look after照看; look out小心。

40.A 考查動詞詞義辨析。confirm承認，確認;convey傳遞;convince説服;consider 考慮。根據句意選A。

41.D 考查動詞短語辨析。此處keep up意為“保持”。句意：即使你失敗多次，你也要記得保持良好的心態。

42.B 考查動詞短語辨析。句意：如果她不辜負她的諾言的話，她會成功地進入耶魯大學。

43.C 考查動詞詞義辨析。此處put意為“説，表達”。句意：正如Scotti教授所説，成功取決於99%的精神態度。

44.C 考查動詞短語的用法。句意：當我們不在時，我們把鑰匙交給了我們的鄰居。此處give over意為“交給”。

[來源: