高一英語學案Units 7-8 (B1)(人教版高一英語教案教學設計)

英語寫作指導
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【知識網絡】

一、重點詞彙與短語

1．like的用法小結：

like既可以作動詞又可以作介詞，表達不同的意思，但是在使用中，總是出錯。請注意以下提示：

（1）like：作介詞使用，意思是“如同，像，和…一樣；例如，諸如”。

例如：

I wish I could sing like her. 我希望能像她那樣唱歌。

Mary's dress is red, like mine. 瑪麗的衣服是紅色的，和我的一樣。

There are several people interested, like Mr Jones and Mr Simpson.

許多人很有興趣，諸如瓊斯先生和辛普森先生。

注意介詞like構成的詞組：

feel like：想要

look like：似乎，好像

（2）like作為動詞，常作及物動詞使用。意思是“喜歡；愛好；希望；想 ”

例如：

I like bananas. 我喜歡香蕉。

Do you like your teacher? 你喜歡你們的老師嗎？

I'd like to see you. 我想見到你。

（3）那麼，在使用過程中如何判斷like是作介詞還是動詞呢？

Like如果作謂語動詞，就會隨着主語的人稱、數、格發生變化，還會有時態變化；如果是介詞，則無此變化。另外在做題時還要注意like在句子中的具體意思。

2．seem用法小結：

（1）seem後可以接形容詞、名詞、不定式、分詞或介詞短語等作表語。

例如：

He seemed quite angry at you. 他好象對你生氣了。

Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for the drunk.

連公牛似乎也很為這醉漢感到遺憾。

Danger seems to attend everything they have tried.

他們所嘗試做的每件事似乎都帶有危險性。

He seemed excited. 他好象很激動。

（2）seem後接to be結構時，有時會省略掉to be。

例如：

The headmaster seems to be a fixture in the school for quite a long period.

校長似乎固定在這個學校工作很長一段時間了。

Yesterday I met a man who seemed (t0 be) the famous actor.

昨天我遇到一個人，他好象是那個有名的演員。

（3）seem後接that或者as if從句。有時that和as if可以省略。

例如：

"At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow."

"當時,我似乎怎麼也想不出一個恰當的字眼來。"

It seems to me that you are right. 我認為你是對的。

It seems to me that there is something funny about the case.

在我看來這件案子有點奇怪。

（4）句型：There seems/seemed (to be)…

There seems to be something wrong with your recorder.

你的錄音機好象出問題了/壞了。

There seems to be a man over there in the darkness.

那邊好象有個人站在黑暗中。

3．suggest的用法：

（1）suggest表示“提議；提出；建議”的意思，後面常接動詞-ing形式，不能接不定式;接that從句時，常用虛擬語氣，即should + 動詞原形，其中，should可以省略。

例如：

She suggested going there by train. 她建議坐火車去那裏。

She suggested that we (should) go there by train.

她建議我們坐火車去那裏。

I suggested that we (should) do it like this. 我建議這樣做。

（2）suggest還可以表示“暗示；顯出”的意思。後面接that從句時，用陳述語氣。

例如：

The smile on the boy’s face suggested that he was happy to have given his life to his motherland. 這個男孩臉上的微笑暗示出他很高興為自己的祖國獻出了生命。

When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, Mr Thompson shook his head. 當我暗示説,這準是某些村民進來偷喝掉的,湯普森先生搖搖頭。

二、詞義辨析

1．seem, look 與appear的區別：

seem, look, appear這三個詞一般用作半系動詞，都可以漢譯作“似乎”或“看上去”。

（1）seem所表示的“似乎”或“看來”是以客觀的跡象為依據的。

例如：

A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby.一位飛行員看到一個氣球，好象要飛向附近的英國空軍基地。

It seemed certain that this would win the prize.

這一塊要得獎似乎是毫無疑問的了。

（2）look所表示的“看來”是以視覺所接受的印象為依據的。例如：

He looked pale and his clothes were in a frightful state.

他看上去臉色蒼白，一身衣服弄得一塌糊塗。

My wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse.

我的妻子戴着一頂看起來好象一座燈塔的帽子。

（3）appear與上兩個詞的含義似乎沒有多大差異，但是如果要表示某種判斷是由被歪曲了的印象而得出的，或者是表示“表面似乎如此，而事實不是如此”的意思時，最好用appear。

例如：

Babies of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water.

兩個月的嬰兒並不顯得不肯下水。

The actress is thirty-five years old, but she appears a lot younger.

那個女演員三十五歲了，但是她看上去年輕得多。

2．give up, give in, give out的區別：

（1）give in to somebody/something表示“向某人/某物屈服、讓步；投降”。後面不能直接接名詞，屬於不及物動詞的範疇。

例如：

He would rather die than give in. 他寧死不屈。

He has given in to my idea. 他已經順從了我的想法。

（2）give up: 後面接名詞或者動詞-ing形式，屬於及物動詞的範疇，意思是“放棄”。例如：

He gave up his position as then general manager. 他辭去了總經理的職位。

He had a hard time giving up smoking. 他戒煙很辛苦的。

（3）give out: 表示“分發；用完，用盡”的意思。

例如：

You are required to give out the pamphlets

要求你分發這些小冊子。

Give the money out to the children.

把錢分給孩子們。

Our food supply gave out at last.

我們的食物終於用完了。

His strength gave out(= run out). = He ran out of strength.=He was worn out.=He was tired out.他已精疲力竭。

三、重點句型

1．What do you think we can do to protect our cultural relics?

此句中的do you think為插入語。句子的疑問語序由它體現，而其它成分用陳述語序。做單項填空題時要注意這個現象。

2．Where there is a river, there is a city.

And we should build a website where people can look at the pictures and paintings.

這兩句都含有where引導的從句。第一句為where引導地點狀語從句，第二句為where引導一個定語從句。在where引導定語從句時，其前面往往有一個表示地點的詞作先行詞，此句中的website即先行詞。

再如：

We should be sent where we are most needed. (where引導地點狀語從句)

We should be sent to the place where we are most needed. （where引導定語從句）

應該派我們到最需要的地方去。

3．Ronaldo has done more than just playing football.

Yao Ming has more than just size: he also has great skill and speed.

這兩句都包含有more than just結構。此處的意思是“不僅…，不止…”。

再如：

He did more than just helping us out, he also gave us a lot of money to set up a new school for poor children.

他不只是幫助我們擺脱了困境，而且還給了我們一大筆錢為窮孩子建了一所新學校。

They were more than willing to help you. 他們非常樂意幫助你。

Some of the stories were really more than could be believed.

有些故事實在令人難以相信。

四、語法複習

英語的語態有兩種：主動語態和被動語態。主語是動作的發出者為主動語態；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態。

被動語態的注意事項：

（1）若賓語補足語是不帶to 的不定式，變為被動語態時，該不定式前要加"to"。此類動詞往往是感官動詞。如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch 等等。

例如：

The teacher made me go out of the classroom.

--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). We saw him play football on the playground. --> He was seen to play football on the playground.

（2）帶有情態動詞的被動語態：即：情態動詞+ be +過去分詞，構成被動語態。

例如：

Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.

煤炭可以用來為工農業生產發電。

（3）短語動詞是一個整體，不可丟掉後面的介詞或副詞。

例如：

This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown. （注意up）

這是我的家鄉剛剛建設的一座發電站的照片。

My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.　（注意of）　

我妹妹將由我奶奶照顧。

Such a thing has never been heard of before. （注意of）

過去從未聽説過這樣的事情。

（4）由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, announce, suppose, think, understand等動詞構成的被動結構：

It is said that…　　據説　

It is reported that… 據報道

It is believed that…　大家相信

It is hoped that…　大家希望

已經宣佈我們的飛行員已經安全歸來。

（5）不及物動詞或動詞短語如：appear, die, disappear, lost heart, come true, fall asleep, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, keep silence, take place. 無被動語態。要想正確地使用被動語態，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積累。

試比較下列句子：

（錯） The price has been risen. 　（不及物）

（對） The price has risen. 　

（錯） The accident was happened last week.　（不及物）　　

（對） The accident happened last week. 　

（6）不能用於被動語態的及物動詞或動詞短語:

fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands

with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to。

例如：

This key just fits the lock. 這把鑰匙就是開這把鎖的。

Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你的故事與（我們）已經聽到的説法是一致的。

（7）系動詞無被動語態：

appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste,

turn。

例如：

It sounds good. 聽起來聲音不錯。

It tastes delicious. 嚐起來很香。

（8）帶同源賓語的及物動詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用於被動語態：die, death, dream, live, life, smile。

例如：

She dreamed a bad dream last night. 昨天晚上她做了一個噩夢。

He died a heroic death. 他死得很英勇。

（9）動詞wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive… 用主動形式表示被動：

The book sells well.　　這本書銷路好。　

This knife cuts easily.　這刀子很好用。

（10）特殊結構：make sb. heard / understood：使別人能聽見 / 理解自己have something done ：要別人做某事

She spoke at the top of her voice to make herself heard.

她扯着嗓子喊叫，目的是讓別人聽到她的話。

I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理髮了。

【考點透視考例精析】

[考點] 考察地點狀語從句。

[考例1] There were marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.

A．where B．which C．when D．that

[解析] Ａ　which和that引導定語從句，故排除；when引導時間狀語從句，與句子的意思不符，應該用where引導地點狀語從句，本題的意思是“她的褲子上她檫過手的地方有髒痕”。

[拓展] 要注意where不僅可以引導地點狀語從句，還可以引導定語從句。這時，where前面往往有一個表示地點的名詞。

例如：

They have never gone to the place where we intended to meet before.

[考點] 考查被動語態。

[考例2] Many man-made satellites __________ space by China over the past five years.

A．was been sent up B．was sent for

C．have been sent up into D．has sent into

[解析] Ｃ根據句子結構看應該使用被動語態，因而排除D項；表示“發射升空”用send up into…。sent up“發射”，其後不能接名詞，send for意思是“派人去請”，與句子的意思不相符合。

[考點] 考查固定搭配的用法。

[考例3] --I’m going to see the victim’s brother.

--I’d rather you __________.

A．didn’t B．have not C．don’t D．do

[解析] Ａ　第一個人所使用的時態為將來時，表示將來的打算。但是第二個人用的是固定句型：I would rather somebody did something. 所以只能選A項。

[拓展] 另外注意句型Somebody would rather do something than do something 。兩個動詞都用原形。

例如：

I would rather do some work than stay home every day.

[考點] 考查時態和語態。

[考例4] The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ________ by 2006.

A．has been completed B．has completed

C．will have been completed D．will have completed

[解析] Ｃ　首先，此句的construction work 與complete是動賓關係，construction work作從句的主語，所以應該使用被動語態。再由 by 2006可以知道，該動作現在尚未完成，所以用將來完成時態。

【基礎演練】

一、根據所給首字母或括號中的漢語意思填寫句子空格中所缺的單詞。

1．After the earthquake, it is very difficult to r_____________ the buildings and other things.

2．Columbus said that he had discovered the new c_____________.

3．The earthquake d__________ several buildings.

4．The o___________ language of Japan is Japanese.

5．As more and more cars entered people’s homes, p_______ is becoming more and more serious.

6．These two countries have different__________(文化).

7．He had _____________（包括）a large number of funny stories in the speech.

8．Will you help me ___________(準備)for the get-together of the old classmates?

9．We not only communicate with words, but also with ___________(手勢).

10．Can you find our _________(位置) on this map?

二、單項填空：

1．--Smoking is bad for your health.

--Yes, I know. But I simply can’t __________.

A．give it up B．give it in C．give it out D．give it away

2．--The window is dirty.

--I know. It ________ for weeks.

A．hasn’t cleaned B．didn’t clean

C．wasn’t cleaned D．hasn’t been cleaned

3．To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train ________ travel by air.

A．as B．to C．than D．while

4．His behavior at the party last night seemed rather out of _____. Many of us were quite surprised.

A．practice B．place C．polite D．pity

5．–What can I do for you?

--I’d like to borrow a science book, _________ that is simple and written in English.

A．which B．one C．but D．all

6．_______ the poor, Tom himself has been living a very simple life.

A．Devoted to help B．Devoting to helping

C．Devoted to helping D．Devoting to help

7．--Do you like Nack?

--Yes, Nack is good, kind, hardworking and intelligent; ______, I can’t speak too highly of him.

A． as a result B．in a word C．by the way D．on the contrary

8．--What’s the matter with you?

--Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I __________ so much fried fish just now.

A．shouldn’t eat B．mustn’t have eaten

C．shouldn’t have eaten D．mustn’t eat

9．He lives in a big house whose windows ___ over an avenue with trees and flowers on both sides.

A．look into B．look up C．look out D．look on

10．He became a millionaire at last, _________ himself the richest one in his family.

A．to make B．making C．made D．to be made

【能力拓展】

閲讀理解：

There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people, and to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in a traditional classroom. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom.

But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of open education. Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem getting used to making so many choices. For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom. They worry about the rules even when there are no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of students. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their schools.

You now know what open education is. Some of its good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. In fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students, want some structure in their classes. They want and need to have rules. In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to.

1．Open education allows the students to__________.

A．grow as the educated B．be responsible for their future

C．develop their own interests D．discover subjects outside class

2．Open education may be a good idea for the students who__________.

A．enjoy learning B．worry about grades

C．do well in a traditional classroom D．are responsible for what they do in life.

3．Some students will do little in an open classroom because__________.

A．there are too few rules

B．they hate activities

C．open education is similar to the traditional education

D．they worry about the rules

4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?