喬家大院英文導遊詞

喬家大院大家知道嗎？各位導遊朋友是怎麼樣介紹喬家大院的呢？我們看看下面的導遊詞，歡迎大家閲讀吧！

喬家大院英文導遊詞

ladies and gentleman,good morning!welcome to shanxi!its my great honour to stand here to be your tour guide,please allow me introduce myself, my name is z,u can call me Doris man who sitting beside me is our driver Mr li ,he has more than ten year’s experience in driving so he will makes our trip a safe and pleasant one will do our best to make  your tour pleasant and enjoyable .

山西素有“中國古代建築博物館”之稱。全省現存有大量明清時期的民居建築，它們大都集中在晉中的祁縣、平遙、太谷、介休一帶，這些深宅大院不僅是當時富商大賈的宅第，也是顯赫一時的晉商的歷史見證。那我們今天參觀的喬家大院就是它們其中的一個代表。

shanxi has long been known as "ancient architecture museum of china". A great many civil houses build in Ming and Qing Dynasties have been preserved in are the testimony of history of Shanxi Merchants Courtyard of Family Qiao that we will visit today is one of them.

喬家大院位於祁縣東觀鎮喬家堡村，距太原54公里，乘車大約一小時就可以到達。喬家大院是一所民居建築，是我國保存下來的最完整的一座民居建築。佔地8725㎡，建築面積3870㎡，共6個大院，20個小院，313間房屋。1985年喬家大院被開闢成為晉中民俗博物館，一部《大紅燈籠高高掛》使得喬家大院名揚海外，2005年拍攝的《喬家大院》更是讓許多人瞭解了喬家大院，瞭解了晉商。我們現在就來到了喬家大院的大門口了，我們現少停留一下。

Courtyard of Family Qiao located in Qixian County in Shanxi Province , 54 km south of is a kind of civil house ,it is the most complete civil house which is preserved in occupying area of 8725 square meters,while the floorage occupies 3870 square has 6 compounds, 20 small courtyards, 313 housings.

我們看到喬家大院的門前並沒有旗杆和石獅子，但是高大的院牆，足以顯示出主人的威嚴氣派。院內房屋設計的十分完美，錯落有致，體現了我國清代北方民居建築的獨特風格，具有相當高的觀賞、科研和歷史價值。專家學者讚譽其為“北方民居建築的一顆明珠”。因此人們常説“皇家有故宮，民家看喬家”。我們看到大門正對的這個照壁，它叫做“百壽圖”是由一百個壽字構成的，在百壽圖的兩邊有一幅對聯“損人慾以覆天理，續道德而能文章”這是當時左宗棠寫的，他先了主人淡泊心志，，百壽圖的上方有“履和”二字，是從“端詳步履由中道，怡然胸襟養太和”一句中意化出來的，體現了喬家主人的中庸思想。

there isnt any flagpole or stone lions outside the gate,but those tall walls could shows the prestige of the es in this yard was  designed quite naturally perfect,it shows the characteristic style of the civil houses in north highly valuable in the study of history，in scientific researches,it is also valuable as a tourist specialists and scholars commend it as "a bright pearl of the civil houses in north"e is a screen wall facing the gate of a house,we called this "zhaobi",we can see it consisting of hundred forms of the character for “shòu” ,it means longevity.

大門上有一副對聯“子孫賢，族將大”；“兄弟睦，家之肥”，可以看出喬家主人的最高追求，就是人丁興旺，家庭和睦，只是致富的前提，也是富貴的歸宿。進入大門後我們首先來看一下大院的簡單構造圖，我們面前的這條常80米的甬道，將喬家大院的六個大院分為南北兩院，北院房屋大都高大，是長輩居住的地方，南面的房屋相對較低是晚輩居住的地方，大門是朝東開的，所謂“紫氣東來”這個大門就是吸收祥氣的。那我門一個大院一個大院來參觀。

after we entry the front gate, we see the map first,there are 6 compounds in houses in northern yard was tall,its the residence of tively low houses in south lived the younger generation.

【第一院】

整個喬家大院比國內不是一期工程一起完工的，而是分為了三期工程，那我們要看的第一院就是清嘉慶至道光年間，是一期工程的第一院，稱為老院，它是由喬貴發之子，喬致庸之父喬全美所建。

the first courtyard was build during the Reign of Jia Qing and Dao the old yard .

進入大門，我們會看到一個照壁，叫做福德祠，那正是印證了“門迎百壽，院納福德”。一般民宅中都要有，它的用途就是一、裝飾作用，二、鎮宅避嫌的作用。

we will see a entrance screen ,zhaobi,after we entry the gate of this yard . i mentioned it useful for two purposes,one is for decoration,another is for guards the house and avoid suspicion.

這裏的福德祠是用來供奉土地爺的，大家看到下面有一個小龕，正是擺放土地爺的，此外，在整個照壁上還有許多精美的磚雕，我們來看，上面，兩邊各有一對獅子，那它的諧音就是“四時平安”，中間有幾件法器戟、磬、如意，寓意為“吉慶如意”，下邊有壽山石，寓意為“壽比南山”，旁邊的芙蓉樹，寓意為“福如東海”，我們數一數，一共有六對鹿，寓意為“六時通順”。好了我們要進院去參觀了，那這個院子是一個裏五外三的穿心樓院，我們要連登三級台階，高約為1丈，寓意為步步登高的吉祥祝福。

this screen was used to dedicated to the "earth god"e is a small niche below,was used to set the "earth god"e is a lot of exquisite brick carving on the screen.

好我們來到了第一進院，這裏展出的是行和住的民俗。我們來看這個廂房中有兩輛馬車，車輪十分的高大，這正是富貴人家的馬車。對面是居住民俗，展出的是從古人類一直到現在的居住地圖片。

there are still two yards in the first ,we are entrying the firt one,this yard shows the folklore of "live"and "row". the two carriages displayed in wing room is very big ,only those rich people who can own this kind of stuff.

穿過穿心，我們來到了第二進院，我們看到，正房是一個二層的小樓，可是二樓是有窗沒有門，那這叫做統樓，上方有一塊牌匾“為善最樂”，這正是喬家老爺的座右銘，那以前正房是用來會客的，東西廂房是書房和卧室，我們今天來到喬家，就是喬家的客人，所以我們先來正房看看，我們會發現現在是冬季，但進入房間並不會感覺到冷，我們會看到牆壁非常的厚，厚大約為1.2米，那這是仿照過去的窯洞而作的，所以是冬暖夏涼。

now ,we are stand in the second yard ,we can see the main house is a two-story building ,but there isnt any windows or doors on second floor,this is a special style in board above means the happiest thing is to be goodness . the main room was used for recept y,we are mr qiao's quests,so lets go to the main room first. u wont feel cold in this room in winter,because the wall in this room are relatively thick ,its nearly 1.2 meters ,this room is patterned after past cave,its warm in winter and cold in summer.

東廂房展出的是歲時節令，上半年的從二月二龍抬頭，四月清明節，掃墓，五月端午，下半年從七月十五上墳，八月十五賞月，臘八喝臘八粥，二十三送灶王爺上天，二十四買對子，二十五掃房子，二十六打燒酒割肉，二十七殺豬又殺雞，一直到大年三十。

the east wing displayed festivals and holidays. it shows the troditional festival of china and their corresponding customs,spiritual religion and -sweeping Day ,Dragon Boat Festival,spring festival.

西廂房展出的是衣飾，那以前是有這種觀念“男人看袖頭，女人看腳手”袖口越大，説明這個家越有錢，而女人則是越是腳小的越好看，有這麼一句話“三寸金蓮，四寸銀蓮，五寸銅蓮”腳大了就嫁不出去了，那我們看到這裏還有兩雙很小的鞋，它並不是三寸金蓮，是雙看鞋，那它是用來送給別人的，就是要看這個女子的手是不是很巧。

the west wing displayed clothes and ornaments,there is an old saying,"judge a man from his cuff,judge a women from her foots and hands". bigger the cuff ,richer the family to women,a girl will be well recived if she had a very small she had a big foot,she need to worry about that she will never get married.

偏房是農俗展覽，有碾子、石磨，還有一些春種、夏管、秋收、冬藏的農事活動。

the side room is the exhibition of agriculture ,there are roller,uesd for crush grain,and stone mill,used for grinding grain into flour,and there are some exhibition of farming activities in there too.

【第二院】

第二院是二期工程，那在第二院所展出的就是喬家的發跡史。我們來進來看一下，喬家的發家始祖喬貴發，名字是很好的，貴發貴發，既富貴又發達，可是他卻是命運不濟，很小的時候就父母雙亡，他被寄養在舅父家裏，那他卻是一個十分勤勞有踏實的人，親戚鄰里有什麼事情，他都樂意去幫忙。有一天，他的親戚結婚，他還是照舊去幫忙，等到新人行禮的時候，新娘新郎要找喬貴發來行禮，後邊的人就説“給那樣的人行禮，還怕有失身份呢”這時喬貴發剛從廚房趕過來，滿身灰塵，聽到這句話後，心想，我堂堂一個五尺男兒，只因家裏貧窮，就讓別人這麼看不起，一咬牙，一跺腳，獨自走了西口，開始了自己的發家之路。他與清徐的一個姓秦的小夥子，一起在一個雜貨鋪打工，由於他們的勤快和好學，受到了老闆的賞識，教會了他們很多的經商之道。後來，他們有了一些積蓄，就自己開了一個草料鋪，有一年，是個豐收年，糧價跌落，黃豆價格尤其低，他們便趁機購存大批黃豆。不料，次年黃豆緊缺，價錢不斷上漲，他們便將黃豆拋售出去，獲利頗豐。於是利用這筆資金，開設字號，名為廣盛公。後來因為管理的滯後，有些虧損，經過三年的整改，終於有了新的起色，當時把“廣盛公”改名為“復盛公”，他們認為這是復興基業的新起點。我們看到下一位人物就是喬貴發的兒子喬全美，如果説，喬貴發是喬家的開創者，那他就是一個發展者，他為喬家制定了一系列的家規家訓，一會兒我們去看看。那喬全美有兩個兒子，大兒子喬致廣英年早逝，二兒子致庸繼承家業，我們看這幅圖，這位就是喬致庸，在他的手上，喬家度過了最輝煌的時期。他是喬家最年長的人，活了89歲，一共娶了六個太太，最小的一個可能可以作他的孫女了，大家可能會問，喬家不是有很嚴格的家訓嗎，怎麼會娶6位太太呢？他活了89歲，老了如果總是讓女僕伺候生活起居，那樣不是很方便，所以兒女讓他娶妻，但從不納妾。當時喬家的生意遍佈整個包頭城，那有這麼一句話叫“先有復盛公，後有包頭城”。

the second courtyard displayd the family guifa was the earliest ancestor wo make the family get rich,he was ill-fated when he was parents died when he was little was send to his uncle's home as a is a hard-working and many people looked down on him just because his he decided "zou xikou",it means went to work in Inner saved some money by means of  worked for a variety shop,and invested his own became the beginning of his family son,Qiaguangmei has formulated a series of family guangmei had two sons,eldest son died his young boy Qiaozhiyong inherited his family property and made a greater achievements over he is the oldest man in his family ,living 89 years has six wifes ,the youngest one could be his business spread through central inner mongolia.

那後面的這意味是喬致庸的侄孫喬映霞，他當時是出外留學，把先進的技術帶回到喬家，當時喬致庸認為自己的兒子沒有很好的人選，所以就將喬家交給了他。但是俗話説“富，富不過三代，而喬家已經是五代經商了，1926年開始走下坡路，由盛轉衰。票號與商號業務多被官商銀行奪走，日軍侵華戰爭及國內連年戰亂，也使商號一獗不振，慘淡經營直到1951年終於停業，1952年遣散職員處理善後，1953年春，歷時二百多年曾經輝煌一時的“復字號”終於關門了。

as the old saying, Clogs to clogs is only three last, Qiaozhiyong gived the family possessions to his grandnephew who had been aborad . but , their business begun to went downhill at 1926 cause the business had been shutdown at 1953 finally. most of their later generation lived in beijing ,shanghai ,kunming now.

那我們來看他們的家譜圖，上面的已經介紹過了，喬貴發三個兒子喬全美、喬全德、喬全義，喬全美有兩個兒子，喬致廣、喬致庸，喬致庸有11個兒子，下面的是他的孫子，那大家看下面有一個叫做喬健的人，喬家就是在他這輩分家的，下面的子孫大家會看到很少有在山西的，當年，喬家的後人很少有人再子承父業的，大部分都離家上學。現喬家後人大部分都生活在北京、上海、昆明等地。

【第三院】

第三院為三寶院，我們來一件一件看，從正房看起，正房內的叫做犀牛望月鏡，他是用東南亞鐵梨木雕刻而成的，平時我們所見的木頭都是密度小於水的，所以放在水裏會漂浮起來，而東南亞鐵梨木的密度則很大，它會沉在水底，兩百年來，鏡子影像清晰，結構完美。大家看，它分為三部分，上面是鏡面，它像天上圓圓的月亮，然後是祥雲，最後是一頭犀牛，這裏還有一個傳説故事，傳説犀牛是天上的'一個神將，玉皇大帝讓它來到人間傳令，每天人們應三打扮，一吃飯。它卻傳成了一打扮，三吃飯，玉皇大帝大怒，將它貶到人間，由於留戀天上的生活，所以他的頭總是朝向天上望着月亮，所以叫做犀牛望月，此外，犀牛還與喜牛諧音，也取一個吉祥的寓意。據文物專家鑑定，此鏡最低價也值300萬人民幣。

there are three treasures in the third see it one after , we start with the main precious in this room is called "the mirror of Rhinoceros Watching the Moon",its carved out of lignumvitae,the general woods will float because it is less dense than this will sink towards the bottom,it has gone through over two hundred years , but its image is still perfect.

東廂房中展出的事第二件寶物，叫做“萬人球”，，這是個圓球形的鏡子，無論有多少人在房中，也無論站在哪個角度，都可以在鏡子裏找到自己，而且映像十分清晰，不會變形，所以叫做萬人球。那它當時是有一個重要的用途的，對，起監視的作用，當時喬老爺把它掛在正房的窗外，老爺經常會與掌櫃的商討商業事宜，這正是起到一個監視的作用，防止有人在外面偷聽。萬人球確實是名不虛傳，此物是清代的遺物。

the east wing displayed a very special ball, in fact its a spherical mirror,but the most spectacular is whatever how many people stand in this room and wherever you are,u will find urself in that ball,quite clear and not to deform. its was used for spy at that time,when mr Qiao was discussed important business ,it can prevent eavesdropping u dont believe it ,just try it~~

第三寶就是懸吊在西廂房的這兩盞“九龍燈”。九龍燈是用珍貴的烏木製作的一對八角形宮燈。因為燈上共雕有九條龍，故稱“九龍燈”。這9條龍分上下兩層排列，上4條，下4條，每4條組成一個萬字，燈的頂端有是1條龍頭，9條龍頭上都有蠟籤可點蠟燭。每4條精雕細刻的龍身所組成的萬字形，在其轉折處都有軸相連，可以靈活轉動調整角度。在兩層萬字形中間的是八稜形燈身，上有4面畫、4面水銀鏡子可反光照射。到了晚上，稜形燈內的燭光交相輝映、流光溢彩。如果還要增加房間的亮度，那就把九龍燈上兩個萬字形拉直，8條龍便照直地向四方撲去，使得房間大亮。據説，這對九龍燈是當年慈禧太后西逃時賜給喬家的，北京故宮博物院前些年幾次有意收走，但喬家大院管理部門不肯割愛，只好作罷。

the third precious which is kept in here is a light with nine made by ebony and having eight sides and eight a special gift given by the Empress Dowager Cixi when she was Palace Museum in Beijing wanne took away several times,but had been rejected finally.

【第四院】

我們現在來到的就是第四院，商俗院，也是新院，它是由喬致庸的侄孫喬映霞所見的，那這個院子在建築風格上處處體現出了他留學所帶來的先進技術。首先我們來看正房的窗户，非常有歐式的風格，此外這裏還有很精美的磚雕，我們看門楣上方的磚雕，正中是一個香爐，上面還坐了一個小孩，寓意為香火旺盛，兩邊分別是琴棋書畫，喬家人希望自己的子孫是多才多藝，琴棋書畫樣樣精通的；再往兩邊看，分別是鍾和表，教育喬家的後代子孫套懂得一寸光陰，一寸金，要珍稀時間；我們再看東廂房這邊有一個很有意思的雕刻，大家順着我的手勢看，中間的小的玻璃窗户格子上方，有一列火車正在橋上行駛，還冒着煙，正是喬映霞當年把在外國看到的火車憑藉自己的印像雕刻到這裏。

now,we are in the forth courtyard,displayed the commerce and custom yard founded by Qiaozhiyong's in the signature of new technology brought from window of the mainroom, it is European Style , moreover,there are many exquisite brick brick on the transom shows a censer and a boy sit on moral to it is to have plenty of offspring,there are lyre-playing, chess, calligraphy and painting carved on beside , that means he hope his later generation are thoroughly accomplished in all of can also see the brick of bell and used for educated his offspring that treasuring the life time .

正房的蠟像就是當時掌櫃和東家報賬的情景，正面坐的是東家，旁邊坐的是掌櫃的，而後面的就是小夥計了，那喬家乃至晉商當時選用小夥計是非常嚴格的，首先必須面貌清秀，身高七尺，並且是本村的村民，因為這樣知根知底；其次就是他人品和技能的考察，必須通過嚴格的考察，才能被錄用。偏房裏都是從當地收購回來的傢俱，我們來看這個小瓷娃娃，它是一個枕頭，我們看到它後面有一個小孔，那這是用來灌水的，冬天灌涼水，夏天灌熱水，冬暖夏涼。從偏房出來，我們看到這個門楣上也有些木雕，大家可以看到兩顆白菜，諧音為“百財”，出了偏院，我們來看這個磚雕，一面是貓和蝴蝶，諧音“耄耋”，另一面是喜鵲登梅，寓意為“喜上眉梢”，然後我們來看這個院子的照壁，它叫做“省分箴”，它是喬致庸的妹夫趙鐵山所寫，省是醒悟的意思，分是分寸的意思，教育喬家後代做事要注意分寸，並要懂得知足。兩邊是暗八仙，也就是八仙的法器，下面有戟、罄、如意，“吉慶如意”，最下面兩邊是獅子滾繡球，俗話説“獅子滾繡球，好事在後頭”，那我們也馬上要看到，喬家大院最為漂亮的院子。

now lets go inside the main room,there is a waxwork in here,It depicts the scene of shopkeeper account for his boy standing behind him is a buster,the selection of buster was overly strict in here,first the boy should be handsome,seven feet tall at least,and he should be a villager of their native village. second,they were thoroughly vetted before they were allowed into this house.

the side rooms displayed many furnitures which were purchased from local e is a china doll here,this is a pillow actually , there is a ostiole on the back,u can filling it with hot water in winter,cold water in summer.

【第五院】

第五院就是喬家大院“在中堂”的主人喬致庸所建，它也是一個裏五外三的穿心樓院，首先我們看到門楣上方，有一塊匾，叫做在中堂，取意為“不偏不倚，執用之中”體現了主人的中庸思想，門楣上雕刻有福祿壽三星，兩邊有八駿的雕刻，希望後代子孫都有所作為，這一院展出的是人生禮儀，我們來看第一進院，裏面展出的是小孩過一週歲生日的情景，不僅要全家慶賀，還要舉行抓週儀式，全國不少地區均有此俗，古典文學名著《紅樓夢》中也有描寫，賈寶玉抓週，其他東西不抓，偏偏抓了脂粉盒。生日這天，吃的也很講究，一般都吃長壽麪，希望孩子健康長壽，還要吃油糕，取諧音高低的高，希望孩子今後的日子芝麻開花節節高。過生日最大的忌諱是吃包子，怕孩子長大之後像草包一樣活的窩窩囊囊。此外，大家可以看到牆上掛一件衣服，稱為百家衣，這是小孩母親從各家要回布料縫製的，穿百家衣，以期望小孩健康成長，無災無病。

the fifth courtyard was build by Qiaozhiyong,this yard displayed life etiquette,lets see the first small yard ,it shows the scene of a child on his one year old birthday,everyone come to congratulate this little e will be a formal ceremony ,a vocational inclination test for an le will prepare many things represent many kinds of vocation for the child,and then let him grabing,the thing he  finally grabed will represent the one he will be in the future as ,a abacus represent he will go into business,a pen represent he will be a calligrapher in the interesting. the child will eat longevity noodles in his birthday,it was taboo to eat steamed stuffed bun,cause they think its not good for the child's future life.

穿過穿心院，我們來到裏院，首先我們來看，它是一個明樓院，二樓是有門有窗的，相對於第一院來説，它的建築結構與風格，就十分的講究與先進了。裏院展出的是婚俗，男大當婚，女大當嫁，在晉中結婚一般分為6個程序，我們一個一個地看，請大家跟好我的腳步。迎娶這天，新娘早早起來和父母去祠堂上香，然後坐在炕上等待梳粧打扮，這天的新娘從頭到腳都是一派紅色，必須穿紅棉襖、紅棉褲，紅色代表喜慶、吉祥。民間當時有“十三留頭，十四嫁，十五生個毛娃娃”的説法。因為過去女孩出嫁年齡尚小，長得比較瘦，為了襯托像大人一樣豐滿，所以要穿紅棉襖、紅棉褲，另外就是孃家人希望自己的女兒嫁到婆家以後像紅棉襖一樣，日子過得紅紅火火，厚厚實實。東房一室即嫁女婚俗展覽，牀上放一木桶，一把椅子各是什麼意思呢？桶是要待嫁女兒在離開孃家之前坐一下木桶，寓意為從此兩家相通，椅子是要待嫁女兒坐在上面，還要扇扇子，“坐椅子，扇扇子，榮華富貴一輩子。”新娘上轎時，還要由孃家哥哥背到轎子上，“哥哥背妹妹，好活一輩輩。”

okay,now lets visit the inside yard toghter,it shows the Chinese Marriage is divided into six the morning of the weeding day,the bride will go to the ancestral temple with her parents,and then back to home,dressed up herself with red cotton-padded jacket and trousers,u know ,in china,red represent good luck,and the bride's family hope her could live better after she get older brother had to carried the bride on his back to enter a sedan will bring good luck to the bride.

新娘入轎後，鼓樂齊鳴，在鳴鑼開道聲中，花轎開始啟程，儀杖隊進行在路上，據説是縣太爺在路上遇上也得繞道而行，民間有句俗話“百日為民，一日為官”。正房展出的就是拜堂的情景，大家看到新郎戴着官帽，而新娘頭上頂着蓋頭，那這個蓋頭是要用秤桿挑起來的，取意為稱心如意。拜了天地就要如洞房了，我們來洞房看一看，炕上放着一個馬鞍，新娘要用一隻腳跨過去，這時全人把馬鞍撤走，另一隻腳就不跨了，意為“好馬不配雙鞍，好女不嫁二夫”，此外還有“新娘跨馬鞍，一世報平安”之説。炕角分放四隻蘿蔔娃娃，蘿蔔諧音摞輩之意，希望新媳婦過門後，能為主家傳宗接代貢獻力量。此外還有糖盒，裏面有桂圓、蓮子、花生、棗，有早生貴子的意思。

the main room shows the scene of wedding ceremony , bridegroom should unveil her bride's veil with a steelyard,then the contentment and joy will fill their future last procedure is teasing the bride and the bridegroom on wedding night,people will put a saddle on the bride had to crossed it with one feet,then people will withdraw the saddle her feet dont need to cross it will bring peace to the over,they will receive a box with longan、lotus seeds 、peanut and jujube ,take a homonym,it means they wish to have a son soon and make family prosperous.

【第六院】

第六院原先喬家主人本來是要建一座“書房院”的，當時已經買回了全套的假山，但是，1937年“七七事變”的爆發，這裏只留下一部分花園，改成了“花園院”，1958年喬家出逃，留下了未完成的花園。我們看到在北面有一排房間，就是當時建的書房，書房建造在緊挨祠堂的地方，主人也是有一定用意的，祠堂是用來祭祖的，勉勵喬氏後代發揚和繼承祖先的業績，以繁盛喬家大業的，而書房則是用於培養喬家子弟，希望他們發奮讀書，增長知識，成為優秀人才的，所以書房院與祠堂緊鄰在一起，可以起到隨時隨地地激勵喬家子孫後代學業進步的作用。

about the last courtyard,originally the owner want to build a study yard in here,and he bought complete The Chinese July 7th Incident happened in 1937,only remained some the name has changed to "the garden yard',we can see a string of houses in the north,that is the unfinished study rooms. its just next to the ancestral temple ,it can be seen this family take their descendant's education seriously,so that they could bring prestige and honour to their families and clansmen.