人教版高二Unit 3 Art and architecture

英語寫作指導
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浙江省台州中學高二備課組朱偉軍、林丹紅、楊霞、周萍等

Contents 目錄

一、教學內容分析 (Analysis of the teaching materials)

二、教學目標和要求 (Teaching aims and demands)

三、教學重點與難點 (Teaching difficult and important points)

四、教學課時安排 (Teaching arrangements)

五、教學設計步驟 (Teaching procedures)

六、評估與反饋 (Assessing)

本單元的中心話題是藝術和建築。圍繞這一話題，學生將由此接觸和領略古今中外的一些建築藝術風格，瞭解一些著名的建築藝術家及其典型的建築特點，從而擴大他們在這一方面知識的理解和掌握，拓寬他們的文化視野，增長見識。通過學習，可以幫助學生了解建築的文化特色，使他們從建築中看到世界各地絢麗多彩的傳統藝術風格和魅力，並可在一定程度上激發他們的審美能力，鑑賞能力和創造力。單元語言素材涉及傳統建築、現代建築、建築藝術家高迪、賴特，典型建築如北京的故宮、奧運會場以及由廢棄軍工廠轉變而成的７９８工廠等等。本單元的教學對教師本身的文化修養、知識面等方面有較高要求，需要我們在教與學的過程中不斷更新知識結構，積累語言素材，拓寬學生學習和運用英語的渠道。

“熱身”部分首先提供了兩幅圖片，一幅高樓和一幅鄉村民居的圖片，從引導學生討論喜歡居住的處所入手，通過對於各種不同建築的談論，讓學生説出自己的偏愛，談一談你所喜歡的建築風格，是喜歡傳統風格的建築還是現代風格的建築，從而對於建築這一話題有一個初步的印象。

“聽力”部分是講述Amy 和Danny為佈置新家在商場買傢俱的對話，主要涉及對不同傢俱的品味和喜好的談論，為進一步 “談論不同喜好”這個功能項目作好語言鋪墊基礎。聽後課本中設計了選擇、對錯題及填空題三種形式對聽的效果進行檢測。

“説話”部分承接了熱身部分的話題，提供了一個喜歡住現代式公寓還是住傳統四合院的對話範例，在聽錄音熟悉對話的基礎上讓學生自由討論對不同事物的喜好，進一步熟練如何表達喜好的對話並歸納了一些常用句型。

“讀前”部分提供了四幅現代建築的圖片，讓學生對閲讀材料的話題先有個感性認識；並對閲讀篇章的內容進行預測。閲讀文章通過對現代建築的不同特點的描述，將古今建築、中外建築、純現代建築與體現自然風格的建築之間進行了對比，特別是介紹了世界著名建築師高迪和賴特及他們的建築風格，使我們更進一步瞭解建築的無窮魅力。“讀後”部分要求學生回答問題，檢測對文章的理解程度，同時培養學生的思辯能力。

“語言學習”分詞彙和語法兩部分，學習一個重要句型：A is to B what C is to D. ( A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man.) 以及過去分詞作賓補的用法。教材在這一部分中還設計了一個很好的情景：通過討論房間裝飾的話題來讓學生熟練運用have something done 的句型。

“綜合技能”包括讀、寫兩部分。閲讀部分是一篇介紹７９８工廠由昔日的軍工廠轉變為今日的文化藝術中心的材料，從古建築如何重新再利用的角度向學生進一步滲透藝術和建築的主題。寫作練習要求選擇一個建築物的平面圖，然後對其進行詳細描述，特別是設想當該建築物已不再作為原來的用途而轉作其它之用時，應該如何對它充分地加以利用的問題，讓學生展開想象，寫出再利用的計劃，並談談相關的利弊，從而訓練學生在這一方面的寫作能力。

“學習建議”部分指導學生通過報紙、雜誌等媒體查找有關藝術和建築話題的素材，如剪切圖片，列表單，查找藝術展覽的信息等等，提示學生從日常生活中收集信息，做生活的有心人的意識，明確的指導使得該任務具有可操作性。

“複習要點”部分簡要地總結了本單元的語法重點--過去分詞作賓補的用法並且涉及了一些基本的句型幫助學生理解和歸納。同時通過兩個問題引導學生對本單元所學的詞彙做一次回顧和小結。

Teaching goals:

Talk about art and architecture.

Practise expressing preference.

Learn about the Past Participle used as Object Complement.

Write about advantages and disadvantages.

本單元基於藝術與建築這一話題開展一系列的聽説讀寫活動，要求學生掌握如何表達喜好的一些常用句型，學習過去分詞作賓語補足語的語法，並學會寫一篇論述利弊觀點的小作文。

另根據《英語新課程標準》關於總目標的具體描述，結合高一學生實際和教材內容，我們將教學目標分為語言知識、語言技能、學習策略、情感態度、文化意識五個方面。

1．語言知識（Knowledge）

詞彙（Vocabulary）：能理解、內化、運用以下生詞 --- architecture, architect, preference, design, furniture, taste, modern, convenient, apartment, style, stand, ugly, construction, impress, fantastic, create, aside, rent, development

短語（Phrases）: act as, fill up with, belong to, set aside

語言功能（Functions）：學習掌握一些用於表達喜好的句型，如：

I’d rather …

I’m much more interested…

I really prefer…

I wouldn’t feel happy if…

I don’t get very excited about…

I prefer something that…

What I like is…

I can’t stand…

語法(Grammar): 掌握和運用動詞過去分詞作賓語補足語的用法。

They wanted their buildings constructed in a way to look unnatural.

Frank Lloyd Wright found himself inspired by Japanese seashells.

I think I will have the walls painted yellow.

2. 語言技能（Skills）

聽：通過聽一個關於佈置新居買傢俱的對話，訓練學生聽力理解能力及技能，如捕捉特定信息的能力，準確聽寫相關詞語的能力，從説話人的語氣表情判斷信息正誤的能力等等。

説：能熟練運用所學表達法來表明自己的觀點，談論不同喜好；能就本單元相關話題表達看法；能較好地完成一些開放性的話題，以提高在真實語境中的英語交際能力。

讀：能運用各種閲讀微技能進行有效的閲讀，在閲讀中培養語篇意識，以及分析文章結構的能力，快速捕捉特定信息的能力，猜測單詞詞義的能力，同時掌握文中出現的單詞和短語的使用。

寫：寫一篇論述利弊觀點的小作文。展開想象，自己動手設計對家鄉，對身邊的古建築進行再利用的計劃，並談談相關的利弊。

3. 學習策略（Strategy）:

認知策略：在學習過程中，善於抓住重點，做好筆記，並能對所學內容進行整理和歸納。

調控策略：能夠根據個人的特點和需要安排自己的學習，主動拓寬學習英語的渠道，總結有效的學習方法，能在一定程度上形成自主學習的能力。

交際策略：能夠在課內外活動中積極用英語和他人交流，利用各種機會用英語進行真實的有效的交際的能力。

資源策略：能夠有效地使用圖書館、網絡等方式查閲有關藝術與建築的資料進行信息處理的能力，獲得更廣泛的英語信息，擴展所學知識。

4. 情感態度（Affect）：能在多種英語學習情境中感受、分享用英語交流的成功與喜悦；積極參與多種形式的合作學習，有較強的合作精神和互助精神，在交流中理解並尊重他人的情感。

5. 文化意識（Cultural awareness）:通過學習，瞭解一些中外著名的建築藝術家以及建築藝術風格，從而拓寬他們的文化視野，加深對藝術和建築的理解和掌握。

（一）重點

1．重點詞彙：architecture, architect, preference, design, convenient, apartment, style, stand, ugly, construction, impress, create, rent, act as, fill up with, belong to, set aside

2．重點句型：學習掌握一些用於表達喜好的句型。

A is to B what C is to D.

3．語法：動詞過去分詞作賓語補足語的用法。

（二）難點:

1. 運用所學知識表達自己的想法。

2. 較長句子成分的劃分及意義的理解。

3. 如何能就課文內容完成一些開放性的話題討論，能把課文的內容得以延伸與拓展。

4. 指導學生通過各種渠道如報紙、雜誌、圖書館和網絡等資源查找有關素材，培養信息社會收集查找資料的能力。

Period 1: Warming-up, Listening & Speaking

Period 2: Pre-reading & Reading

Period 3: Reading & Post-reading

Period 4: Language study

Period 5: Integrating skills

本教學安排根據LARA教學原則，對教材進行大膽的刪除（L - leave out）、修補（A - Amending）、替換（R – Replace）、增添（A – Add）處理，靈活的將教材為我所用。我們根據單元實際情況對教材的編排順序作了一些調整，如“熱身”部分呈現了一些不同風格的建築圖片後，在學生充分發揮想象的基礎上先引導學生思考用於描繪建築物的詞彙，導入本單元的詞彙學習，即先處理問題3，再處理問題2。另由於第三部分“speaking” 的對話範例提供的一個喜歡住現代式公寓還是住傳統四合院的話題剛好承接了熱身部分的話題，所以我們在處理的時候把“speaking”和第二部分“Listening”也作了調整，先討論喜歡住哪裏，再轉至第二部分喜歡佈置什麼傢俱，這樣在內容安排上有更好的承接關係。熱身部分的最後一個問題是查找建築歷史、著名建築藝術家、建築物的任務。我們認為這個任務可以作為課前預習任務或課後作業來佈置會更好。

本單元以藝術建築話題為核心，基於這一話題組織和安排了一系列的聽、説、讀、寫活動，使學生在學習英語的過程中培養綜合地運用所學語言的能力。因此，我們在採用話題、功能、結構相結合的基礎上，設計了一系列的“任務型”活動。如讓學生設計自己的“夢之家”，設計自己居室的傢俱佈置，模擬開展“最佳寢室”的活動；並結合我們學校即將搬遷新校園的契機，讓學生開動腦筋，人人蔘與，設計你所希望的新校園的藍圖，還可增強學生愛校愛家的主人翁精神；結合課文最後一部分舊建築被重新再利用，並要求寫作的任務，我們設計了讓學生討論如何重新再利用老校園的話題，體會做一個建築師的感覺。我們覺得這些是培養學生的思維能力，創造能力和動手能力的很好的任務。在設計的過程中運用所學的知識，學生必定學得積極主動並學有所獲。

分課時教學設計教案如下：

Period 1：Warming up, Speaking & Listening

Step 1. Greetings and warming-up

Greet the students as usual.

Ask the Ss to talk about their hometown and their houses.

Qs: where are you from? A city or a small town?

Can you describe the buildings in your hometown?

What kind of buildings do you live in ?

A traditional house or an apartment?

Show students two pictures, a tall building and a traditional yard.

T: what can you see in the two pictures?

What is the difference between them?

( When the Ss describe the pictures, remind the students to think about the differences in the two pictures. The students may have different opinions. Encourage them to think out reasons as many as possible. They may have a discussion.)

Suggested answers:

Block of flats

rooms are y flat has a toilet and much contact with their le often feel roof.…

Traditional house

rooms are times no toilet or is much more interesting. Neighbors get on well with each other. People can grow flowers in the roof is sloping.(why?)…

In which house would you prefer to live? Why?

S: I like living in …use….

I prefer living…

I’d rather live…

The students should tell others their reasons to support their choices. For example, living in the small house makes me feel warm. I like making friends with my neighbors. It looks like a big family. Encourage them to express their ideas freely.

T: Buildings in the different places are different. So what words and phrases do you think will be useful when you want to talk about art and architecture?

Show the students some different kinds of houses , ask them to describe them.

Collect their answers.( appearance: high, low, great, The palaces were large and beautiful, and they often looked like something out of a fairy tale.；materials: brick, stone, steel ,glass, wood…)

T: If you were free to design your own dream house, what would that house look like? What materials would you use? Explain why you made certain choices about your dream house?

Architect: one who designs the construction of buildings or other large structures.

Give the students enough time to discuss the question. Collect their answers.

Step 2 Speaking

Books open, page 18. Ask the students to listen to the sample dialogue and follow the tape. Study the useful expressions. Remind them to learn the structure how to express their preferences.

Practice. Ask them to look at the pictures and choose the item they prefer. Try to explain the reasons.

Two tasks. One is to talk about traditional and classical furniture. And the second task is choosing a picture to decorate their room.

T: In your dream houses, are there any chairs?

(show some chairs) which one do you like? Why ?

when they answer the question, encourage them to use expressions in the following table. A moment later , ask them to act out their own dialogue.

Sample dialogue:

A: which do you like better, classical chairs or modern chairs?

B:I prefer modern chairs.

A: Why?

B: In my opinion, modern chairs are lighter and more colorful. They are comfortable.

A:…

Step 3 : Preparation for listening

T: You have already designed your own dream house , it is time to buy some furniture. What kind of furniture will you buy? And why do you prefer them?

Have a short discussion in pairs. You can introduce names of furniture, such as heater, air-conditioner and so on.

Step 4. Listening.

Books open, Page 18, listening part. It is a talk between a young married couple,Danny and Amy and a shop assistant.. They want to buy some furniture for their new house. Ask the students to go though the exercises and make sure what to do.

Play the tape twice for the students to listen and finish the exercises by themselves. They may check the answers in pairs.

Then play it a third time for the students to check their answers. Check them with the whole class in the end.

Step work

rate your bedroom and classroom. And talk about your decoration.

out about the history of art and architecture, names of artists and architects, famous buildings and works of art in the world as much as possible. Share the ideas with others.

Period 2&3: Reading

Step1: Pre-reading

----Enjoy pictures of both modern architecture and classical architecture

1. Greetings

T: We’ve really had a wonderful tour around the world last time, seeing the marvelous architecture home and abroad, modern and classical. I hope you enjoy that… but I wonder if all of you can recognize some of the most famous architecture.

nstorming or guessing game

---Name the pictures: Sydney House; the Eiffel Tower; the Temple of Heaven…

Q: Among all of these pictures, which ones are different from others? Or you may say which ones belong to modern architecture.

SS: …

Q: How do you know which ones belong to modern architecture? What’s the difference between modern architecture and classical (ancient) architecture?

SS: …

T: If you want to know more and to enjoy the beauty of modern architecture, you’d better join us, as we are going to have a new journey, the journey to the world of modern architecture.

Step2: While-reading

1. Fast- reading

----Find the difference between modern architecture and classical architecture in the text.

Q: what’s the difference between modern architecture and classical architecture?

Difference

Modern architecture Classical architecture

Materials Steel, iron, glass… Stone, brick, wood…

Characteristics Huge; like boxes; unfriendly Beautiful, closer to nature

Q: What kind of materials is used? What other materials do you know?

Q: What’s the characteristic? How do people feel towards modern architecture?

2. Careful-reading

----Find out the information according to the key words

Modern architecture

Time Materials Architects Examples Characteristics

Q1: When was modernism invented? -----1920s

Q2: How many architects are there in the text? ---Antonio Gaudi/ Wright

Q3: Where were they from? ----Spanish/ American architect

Q4: What did Gaudi want to be used in his works? What’s the characteristic of his architecture? How is his architecture like?

----Natural materials/ like a dream, full of fantastic colors and shapes.

Q5: What inspired Wright? ----Japanese seashells

Q6: How many examples are there in the text?

----The Opera House/ the new Olympic Stadium

Q7: How do they look like? ----Seashell/ nest

Q8: Why do we call the 2008 Olympic Stadium in Beijing” the Bird’s nest”?

Q9: What do they (two architects / two examples) have in common? ---Nature

3. Listening

----While listening, pay attention to the key points in the text.

Para1: “…have its own ideas of beauty expressed”

“…find them designed, planned, built…”

Para2: “…went against people’s feeling of beauty”

“…wanted their buildings constructed…”

Para4: “…impress us because they are huge…”

“…glass walls that act as mirrors”

Para7: “Despite using traditional materials…”

Para8: “Viewed from the top, it looks…”

Step3. Post-reading

1. Task 1: Interview (group work)

---Situation: suppose a famous modern architect (Gaudi or Wright) is here. What do you want to know about modern architecture and him?

---Roles: Gaudi/ Wright

Reporter

2. Task2: Design (group work)

--- Design the architecture of a new school.

Dormitory Library

Scientific School Gym

Teaching building Canteen/ dining room

---Report four elements: what kind of materials is used? / Why do you design in this way? / How do the architecture look like? / What’s the style?

Step4. Homework

1. Exchange designs with your classmates and exhibit them.

2. Report what you have learned about modern architecture next time.

Period 4: Grammar

Step 1, Lead-in

T: Hello, everybody, yesterday we have seen a lot of wonderful modern architectures and got to know some famous architects. Today I’d like to introduce you one of my friends. He is an architect. Who can tell me the meaning of “architect”. (a person who designs buildings). He lived in this house when he was young. Do you think this house beautiful or not beautiful? (not beautiful) Can you use another word to replace “not beautiful”. (ugly). So when he became an architect, he designed some pretty houses. Not long ago he designed a new house for me. Let’s go and see my new house.

Step 2, Vocabulary

T: Welcome to my new house. Could you say something about my new home?

T: I’m not alone here, because I have two neighbors. Do you know who are they and where they live? (nest, dog house)

T: Let’s learn some new words of house.

(balcony concrete nest brick roof)

Try to remember these new words, then fill in the blanks.

van area with a wall or bars around it, joined to the outside wall of a building __________________

vA strong construction material which is a mixture of stone, and sand and water _________________

va shelter made by a bird to hold its eggs and young ____________

vthe structure on the top of a building to keep the rain out_________

Step 3, Word Study

T: Can you tell me which is the most ancient building in my yard? (nest)

A nest is to a bird what a house to a man.

Who can tell me the meaning of this sentence?

(鳥巢和鳥的關係就和房子和人的關係一樣)

T: Good. Let’s try another one

Water is to fish what air is to men.

(水和魚的關係就於空氣和人的關係一樣)

T: Well done. These two sentences have something in common-they are using the same sentence pattern. What is it?

→A is to B what C is to D

T: Very good. Now I will show you more pictures, you should find out the relationship between these pictures, and create sentences using the above pattern.

wFur is to a fox what the_____is to a banana.

w_____are to a house what words are to a text.

wAn architect is to____________what a painter is to art.

wA___is to a boat what an engine is to a car.

wA____is to a fisherman what a gun is to a hunter.

wArms are to the body what_______are to a tree.

Step 4. Grammar

T: I’m very glad that you like my new home. Our new school is far away from the downtown, so a new market is build near our school. I’ll guide you to the market to see what you can do there.

show the Ss the picture and ask them to describe it.

--What can you see in the market?

--Let’s see what can we do here?

Give examples: I can have my hair cut here.

I can have my bike mended.

Ask the Ss to make similar sentences.

T: in all these sentences we use a sentence pattern-“have something done”.

Now let’s see the pairs of sentences, and compare A and B.

A: I can have my bike mended

B: I can have the car waiting for me.

A: I found myself tied to a tree.

B: I found myself walking in a forest.

Watch more sentences on page 22.

Examine all the sentences carefully, and find out when we use –ing form and when we use –ed form.

→ passive voice: -ed

active voice: -ing

Look at the pictures, can you find out another difference between –ing form and –ed form.

Let’s do some exercises.

Matching

wDid you find the city wdone?

wWhen will he ever get the work wgreatly changed?

wShe can’t make herself wcalled.

wNext week I’ll have my bedroom wunderstood.

wYou’ve got to keep the door wlocked.

wI got the watch wrepaired.

wShe heard her name wdecorated

Completing

wI don’t want any bad words____(say) about him behind his back.

wPlease get the work____(do) as soon as possible.

wI’ll have the materials_____(send) to you next Monday morning.

wShe won’t have her long and beautiful hair____ (cut) short.

wYou should make your voice______(hear).

wI want you to keep me_________(inform) of how things are going with you.

wThe rent sounds reasonable. How would you like it________(pay).

wAt last I succeeded in making myself__________(understand).

We’ll move to the new school, and four people will share one room. There will be a competition on decorating your room. The most beautiful and most special room will he the winner. Now work in groups of four to design your room. Five minutes later the group leaders should give a simple report. And pay attention to use –ed form in your report. Here are some phrases to help you:

Step 5, Homework

book page 97, exercises 1-5

book page 98, exercises 1-2

Period 5: Integrating skills

Step 1. Revision:

( Talk about new house decoration to revise the grammar: have… done)

--- Dear class, I’m especially happy these days, because I’ve just bought a new house. It’s very beautiful. Look, here it is. I want to share my happiness with you. So would you like to help me design my house? How should I decorate my room? Please discuss it and give me some advice, OK?

--- You should have your walls painted white.

--- You had better have … done.

A few minutes later, call out some pairs to report their design. >

--- Ok, which group will give me good suggestions?

--- Thank you very much! You’re good designers. I’ll decorate my room according to your design.

Step 2. Lead-in

( Talk about how to deal with the old house.)

--- Now after I finished decorating the rooms, I moved into my new beautiful house. But what should I do to deal with my old house? Should I pull it down? No, I don’t want to do that. Anyway it’s so lovely a house. Should I let it stand empty? No, not a good idea. I want to give it a second life. What shall I do? Please discuss again in groups and this time give me advice on how to deal with the old house.

< Ss discuss and give advice. >

--- Wow, you have so many wonderful ideas! I think I like to change it into a beautiful teahouse and I can rent it to somebody else since I am too busy to run it myself. And thus I can give my old house a second life. Thank you very much! Would you like to come in and have a cup of tea in my teahouse some day?

Step 3. Fast reading on “ Factory 798 ”

--- Thank you for your ideas to give my old house a second life. And the same story goes with another old factory which is no longer used in Beijing. It is the famous place called “Factory 798”. Has anybody ever heard of that? If no, let’s open our books and read the passage on Page 23. Try to find out: “What is Factory 798? ”

< Ss fast reading for a few minutes. >

--- Who has found out the answer?

→ an old army factory ; an arts centre;

Step 4. Careful reading

--- Now let’s get some detailed information about Factory 798. Please read the second paragraph of the passage carefully again and find out:

--- What was Factory 798 like?

→ huge factory halls of bricks

→ small round windows that remind you of ships

→ bent roofs

→ 20-foot high walls of glass

More questions on the screen to guide the reading:

1. When was Factory 798 built? Who designed it? Who built it?