語法講座之主語從句

基本概念

1．定義：用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。

2．構成：關聯詞+簡單句

3．引導主語從句的關聯詞有三類：

(1) 從屬連詞that。 如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.

很明顯，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。

(2) 從屬連詞whether。如：

Whether hell come here isnt clear. 他是否會來這裏還不清楚。

(3) 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如：

What she did is not yet known. 她幹了什麼尚不清楚。

How this happened is not clear to anyone. 這事怎樣發生的，誰也不清楚。

Whoever comes is welcome. 不論誰來都歡迎。

Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。

重點疑難

1．主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。常以it作形式主語的句型有：

+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that從句。如：

It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。

It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告訴她了。

+be+名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that從句。如：

Its a pity that we cant go. 很遺憾我們不能去。

Its no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。

+be+過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that從句。如：

It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 據説格林先生已經到了北京。

It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.

據報道中國又成功地發射了一顆人造地球衞星。

+seem, happen等不及物動詞及短語+that從句。如：

It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不來參加晚會。

It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。

+doesnt matter (makes no difference, etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如：

It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. 她是否來這無關緊要。

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我們在哪裏開會毫無區別。

F.當that引導的主語從句出現在疑問句中時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句後置。如：

Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下週那位科學家將給我們作報告是真的嗎？

Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎？

G.當主語從句出現在感歎句中時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句後置。如：

How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子們這麼安靜真奇怪！

2．注意連接代詞whoever, whatever, whichever等引導主語從句的含義

Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 來的人將受到歡迎。

Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正確的。

Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你們當中不論哪個進來將會得到獎勵。