環境專業英語課文翻譯

有關環境的科技文獻翻譯逐漸增多，這對大量了解國外前沿的環境問題、對該學科在國內的發展也起着至關重要的作用。所以，作為環境領域的科技工作者，必須瞭解環境學科專業英語的翻譯方法技巧以及常用的詞彙。以下是小編整理的環境專業英語課文翻譯，歡迎閲讀。

【課文】

What is the book about?

The goal of the book is to enable engineering and science students to understand the environmental issues of interdisciplinary research: their causes, why they are concerned, and how we control them. This book includes:

What does it mean to describe the environment and the environment

Information on the underlying causes of environmental destruction

Understand the nature of environmental problems and the basic scientific knowledge that can be quantified

Current use of environmental control technologies in water, air and pollution

There is a considerable gap in many scientific knowledge about understanding and controlling the complex interactions between human activities and nature

Many environmental problems can use current technology to eliminate or reduce, but because lack of willingness to do so or in many cases because of the lack of resources to do so, these environmental problems are not processing

Some important definitions:

In this book, they are used for the first time, and definitions are displayed in either capital or black

The environment is the habitat of material life around us, and here we can see, hear, touch, smell, and taste

System according to Webster's dictionary, is defined as "a group or series of can form a unit or organic whole interrelated things", for example, the solar system, irrigation system, supply system, the world and the universe.

Pollution is defined as "in the atmosphere, water or land in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of undesirable change, this change harmful to affect the health of humans or other organisms, survival, or activities".

When the goal of improving environmental quality is used to improve human welfare, the word "environment" expands to include all social, economic and cultural content. This expansion is unfeasible in many real situations and is impractical in a textbook designed for a semester course. Our investigation of environmental problems is therefore limited to our definition of "environment".

The interaction of the system

Many different environmental problems are linked to water, air or land systems. Many of these problems apply only to one of these systems, providing sufficient justification for the breakdown of these categories. Such classification is also more useful and easy to understand the related problems in a system. Moreover, it is wise to do so, this is because as a result of the management and administrative reasons, these related to air pollution, water supply, wastewater treatment and solid waste treatment subdomains are usually handled by government agencies, respectively.

Unfortunately, many important environmental problems are not limited to air, water or land systems, but also intersystem interactions. For example, the acid rain problem arises from the sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted from power plant chimneys, smelters and car exhausts. Then the gas is transported by air to the vast area, and the rain "washes them away", producing acid rain that is harmful to aquatic life, forests and crops. Two environmental problems related to interaction between systems: the increasing global problem of carbon dioxide in the air, and the problem of endemic acid rain.

Environmental problems

Many of the major improvements to our standard of living can be attributed to the use of science and technology. Here are some examples. Can you come up with other examples?

Produce more and better quality food

Creating protection and living space to avoid extreme environments

Rapid and reliable transport methods

The invention of various communication systems

The invention of machines for human and animal physical strength

Safe water supply and waste disposal

The elimination of many infectious diseases

The elimination of most water-borne diseases by using improved water technology in developed countries

Provide opportunities for cultural and recreational activities through the effectiveness of better productivity (brought by) leisure time.

Avoid the worst effects of natural disasters such as floods, droughts, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

However, these improvements have resulted in adverse adverse effects, such as loss of arable land, lost forests, environmental pollution and new organisms that are resistant to control. Many of the little things that were initially thought to be harmful are now considered to be a potential threat to nature and humans. In agricultural society, people basically live in harmony with nature, grow food, collect wood, and make clothes and tools that come from the land. Waste from animals and humans has been returned to earth as fertilizer. There are few problems with water, land or air pollution.

Ancient cities, especially cities like the Roman empire, had systems for water supply and disposal of waste. Ancient Roman cities (approximately one million people) were supplied by the ditches in the ancient Roman drains. This is one of the most famous and early examples of sewers built in these systems. Urban technology in ancient cities seemed to have been forgotten for centuries by europeans who built cities. Water supply and waste treatment are neglected, resulting in many outbreaks of diarrhea, cholera, typhoid and other water-borne diseases. Until the middle of the 19th century, people realize the carrying pathogenic organism pollution wastewater error handling, since the 19th century in Britain, Europe and North America since the industrial revolution, grows increasingly fuelled by urbanization and industrialization of the environment. Both urbanization and industrialization were the basic causes of water and air pollution that could not be processed at that time.

In the following decades, the rapid development of water quality and some wastewater treatment technologies in developed countries resulted in a sharp reduction in water pollution incidents. Note that all wastes are discharged into the environment, thereby contaminating our water, air and land systems.

【翻譯】

這本書主要關於什麼？

這本書的目標是使工程和科學的學生了解學科間的研究環境問題：它們的起因，為什麼它們被關注，我們怎麼控制它們。這本書包括：

描述環境和環境系統意味着什麼

關於環境破壞基礎原因的信息

理解環境問題本質和能夠定量計算它們所必要的基本科學知識

目前運用在水, 空氣, 污染問題的環境控制技術的狀況

我們目前在很多關於理解和控制人類活動、自然之間複雜相互作用的科學知識上存在着相當大的空白

很多環境問題能運用目前的技術消除或減少，但因為社會缺少意願這麼做或在很多例子中因為缺乏資源去這樣做，這些環境問題沒有被處理

一些重要的定義：

在這本書中，它們第一次被使用，定義被以大寫或印刷成黑體字的形式展示

環境是圍繞在我們周圍的物質生命的棲息地，在這兒我們能看到, 聽到, 觸摸, 聞到, 和品嚐到

系統依據韋氏字典, 被定義為“一組或一系列能形成一個整體或者有機整體的相互關聯的事物”，例如，太陽系統，灌溉系統，供應系統，世界和宇宙。

污染被定義為“在大氣，水或土地中的物質的，化學的或生物的特性的不合意的改變，這一改變有害地影響人類或其它生物的健康，生存，或活動”。

當改進環境質量的目標被用來改進人類福利，“環境”一詞擴展成包括所有的社會，經濟和文化方面的內容。這一擴展在許多真實情況下是不可行的以及在一本被設計為一學期課程的教科書中也是不實際的。我們對環境問題的考察因此限於我們對“環境”的定義。

系統的相互作用

許多不同的環境問題都與水，空氣或土地系統有關聯。許多這些問題都只適用於這些系統中的一個，這為這些種類中的細目分類提供了充分的理由。這樣的分類也更有用於及易於理解一個系統內的相關問題。而且，這樣做是明智的，這是因為由於管理上的和行政上的原因，這些有關空氣污染，水供應，廢水處理和固體廢物處理的子域通常由政府機構分別處理。

很遺憾的是，很多重要的.環境問題不僅僅限制於空氣，水或土地系統，還包括系統間的相互作用。現在舉個例子，酸雨問題起源於從發電站煙囱，冶煉廠和汽車尾氣中向大氣排放的含硫二氧化物和氮氧化物。接着這些氣體由氣流運輸到廣闊的區域，降雨“將它們洗去”，產生了有害於水生生命，森林和農作物的酸雨。兩個有關於系統間相互作用引起的環境問題有：空氣中的二氧化碳的增加的全球問題，及通常具有地域性質的酸雨問題。

環境問題

許多對我們生活標準的主要改進能被歸因於科學和技術的運用。這裏舉一些例子，你能想出其它例子嗎？

生產更多及更好質量的食物

創造能避免極端環境的保護所和生存空間

快速和可靠的運輸方法的建立

各種交流系統的發明

代替人類和動物體力的機器的發明

安全水的供應和廢物處理

對很多傳染疾病的消除

通過在發達國家運用改進的水技術對大部分水傳染的疾病的消除

通過更好的生產力（帶來的）閒餘時間的有效性，為文化的，娛樂的活動提供機會。

避免例如洪水，乾旱，地震，火山爆發的自然災害的最壞影響

然而，通過這些改進，已經帶來了不良的負面影響，例如耕地的喪失，消失的森林，環境的污染和抵抗控制的新生物。很多影響起初被認為只是有害的小事現在被認為是對自然和人類的潛在威脅。在農業社會，人們基本上與自然和諧相處，栽培食物，收集木材，製造來源於土地的衣服和工具。來源於動物和人類的廢物被歸還於土地作為肥料。很少有水、土地或者空氣污染問題的發生。

古代城市，特別是像羅馬帝國的城市，有供水和處置廢物的系統。古羅馬的大排泄溝中的溝渠供應古代羅馬城市（大約有1百萬人）安全水，這是最有名及在這些系統中最早建造的下水道的例子之一。古代城市的城市技術似乎已經被那些建造城市的歐洲人遺忘了很多個世紀。水供應和廢物處理被忽略，導致了很多痢疾，霍亂，傷寒和其它水傳染疾病的爆發。直到19世紀中期，（人們）才認識到對 攜帶着致病生物的 污染廢水的錯誤處理，自從19世紀發生於英國、歐洲和北美的工業革命以來，日益俱增的城市化和工業化加劇了環境問題。城市化及工業化這兩個現象，都是當時不能處理的水及空氣污染的基本原因。

在接着的幾十年，發生於發達國家中水質及部分廢水的治理技術的快速發展，導致了水污染疾病事件的急劇減少。注意所有廢物被排放進環境，因而污染了我們的水，空氣和土地系統。