牛津高中英語模塊一（第二講）

主講教師：邵磊

主審 孫德霖

【教學內容與教學要求】

一、教學內容：

牛津高中英語模塊一Unit 1 （下）

二、教學要求：

1．掌握和學校活動有關的常用單詞、詞組與句型。

2．學會用英語寫通知和海報。

3．語法：定語從句（二）

【知識重點與學習難點】

一、重要單詞：

contest, replace, possession, complete, include, programme, present(v), event, item, venue, timetable, compare, issue, order, dynasty, professor, unnecessary, attractive, underline, approve, , generation, require, scary, design, draft, wording, previous, finalize, poem, poet, confident, run(manage,operate), host, hostess, advertise,vote.

二、重點詞組：

refer to 指 , function as當作…使用, 具有….的功能 , leave out省略 , relate to 和…相關 , pay attention to注意, in short form用宿略的形式, take place發生, make decision作決定, make comparison作比較, take turns輪流, follow the outline按照綱要, be responsible for對…負責, consist of包含,由…構成, come up with想出, base on根據, have it approved by…徵得…..的同意, inform sb of sth告知, sign up簽名參加.

【難點講解】

1. I have to do my home work in a place that has desks and chairs.

我必須在一個有課桌椅的地方做家庭作業。

I don’t want to study in a room where desks and chairs are too small.

我不想在桌椅太小的房間裏學習。

第一句裏定語從句 that has desks and chairs的關係代詞that指代主句中的名詞room，作從句的主語；第二句裏定語從句where desks and chairs are too small的關係副詞where 指代主句中的in a room, 在從句中是地點狀語。試比較：

1） This is the beach where(on which) many North Europeans spend their summer holidays.

2） This is the beach that(which) has white sand and palm trees.

上一句的beach是北歐人度假的地方，在這個地方是地點狀語，所以用關係副詞where 指代; 下一句中有白沙和棕櫚樹的是beach，它是從句的主語，所有以用關係代詞that來指代。

2. Besides, I might be reading the books in your father’s bookcases instead.

除此之外，我也許會只顧看你爸爸書櫥裏的書，而不是去做作業。

She will be reading newspapers and magazines instead of doing her homework.

她將會忙着看報紙雜誌而不是做作業。

“might be reading”，“will be reading”屬於“情態動詞＋be+doing” 的結構，表示對某個時間正在發生的事情的預言、推測或期待。例如：

I shall be lying in bed and watching my fvourite football game by the time he finishes his homework..等他做完家庭作業時，我早就會躺在牀上看我喜愛的足球比賽了。

“instead，instead of ”都表示“代替，而不是….” “instead”通常需要承接上文才能表達完整的意思，“instead of ”則可以在一句話中表達做了和沒做的事情。例如：

1） We didn’t go home after school. We went to a net café instead.

→Instead of going home after school, we went to a net café.

2) Students in UK don’t have lots of home work.. They have many school activities.

→Students in UK have many school activities instead of homework.

3. A programme is a plan of activities to be done or things to be achieved.

規劃是指要進行的活動或要完成任務的計劃。

劃線部分是不定式的被動語態作定語，表示要做的事情。

4. The more choices you have, the better your final decisions will be.

相當於：If you have more choice (條件狀語從句為一般現在時), you will make better decision（主句用將來時）. 你的選擇越多，最後的決定就越好。“The+比較級（adj/adv）或含比較級的詞組，the+另一個比較級（adj/adv）或含比較級的詞組”, 表示“越……就越…..”。

5. Your teacher has received an e-mail from a friend asking her about a history book from your school library.

你的老師收到一位朋友的電子郵件，詢問你們學校圖書館裏的一本歷史書。

劃線部分是現在分詞短語作定語，補充説明賓語e-mail 的內容。

6. ISBN ( International Standard Book Number) 國際標準圖書編號

ISSN （International Standard Serial Number）國際標準期刊編號

7．make常見的動賓搭配: make tea/coffee 沏茶、衝咖啡 , make friends交朋友 , make mistakes犯錯誤, make trouble惹麻煩, make a suggestion提建議, make a fire生火, make faces做鬼臉, make a decision做決定, make comparasions作比較, make a living謀生, make money掙錢 , make a request提要求, make an application申請。

【寫作】通知和海報

通知是上級對下級、組織對成員或平行單位之間部署工作、傳達事情或召開會議等所使用的應用文。以佈告形式貼出，把事情通知有關人員，如學生、觀眾等，通常不用稱呼；通知要求言簡意賅、措辭得當、時間及時。

例一：佈告形式的通知：通常此類通知上方正中寫Notice或NOTICE（通知），發出通知的的單位的具體名稱可放在正文前，也可放在正文後，右下角處，發出通知的日期寫在左下角處。例如

NOTICE　

All　mumbers of the students’union　are　requested　to　meet　in　the　school conference　room　on　Saturday,　Sept18th,　at　2:00　p.　m.　to　discuss　questions　of　international　culture　exchanges with New Zealand high school band.　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Sept.14,　2005　

海報的形式和媒體沒有特殊要求，它要先用簡明、生動的圖文吸引過往人羣的注意力，再以簡潔扼要的文字、圖表介紹你要向公眾發佈的信息。文字部分一般包括主題句或主題詞和條理清楚、簡單明瞭的內容介紹。下面是一個網上海報，供大家參考：

Make a poster explaining a safety rule.

It should give us a good Stay Alert message.

If your poster wins you will receive a SASS T-shirt and it will appear in the SASS Gallery.

Mail you poster to:

Stay Alert ... Stay Safe

P.O. Box 93006,

499 Main St. S.

Brampton, Ontario

L6Y 1N0

【語法】定語從句(2)

1．定語從句中關係代詞that、which 用來指代物，who 、whom和that 用來指代人，whose用來表示所屬關係，關係副詞when、where和 why指代時間、地點和原因。

2．關係代詞的用法

(1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關係代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如：

All that I have is my love for this land.

There isn’t much that we can do to ease his pain.

(2) 如果先行詞被形容詞最高級以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等詞修飾，關係代詞常用that,不用which。例如：

The last person that we want to invite to our house is Uncle Sam.

No nation that is capable of such atrocity can be trusted by its neighbours.

(3) 非限制性定語從句中，不能用關係代詞that,作賓語用的關係代詞也不能省略。例如：

There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.

(4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數情況下意思是與and this 相似。例如：

She failed in her attempt to catch the prince’s attention, which was a great disappointment to her mother.

(5) 如果作先行詞的集體名詞着眼於集體的整體，關係代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個成員，則用who。

(6) 先行詞有兩個，一個指人，一個指物，關係代詞應該用that。例如：

The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

(7) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,關係代詞應該用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：

Is there anyone here who will go with you?

(8)關係代詞that/which/who/whom在從句中作賓語時可以省略。例如：

The girl (whom) you just saw is the cheer leader of our football club.

Every moment(that) we spent in the UK will be a precious memory for us.

As在定語從句中的用法

一. 引導限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

（１）as多與such 或the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。

（２）as 也可單獨使用，引導非限制性定語從句，作用相當於which。例如：

The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.

二．關係副詞引導的定語從句

1．關係副詞也可以引導定語從句

關係副詞在從句中分別表示時間．地點或原因。關係副詞when在從句中充當時間狀語，where 充當地點狀語，why充當原因狀語。例如：

We shall always remember the day when Japan surrendered to the ally force.

This is one of the few places where you can buy top quality wine.

2. that有時也可引導定語從句表示時間．地點或原因

That有時可以代替關係副詞 when, where 或者why引導定語從句表示時間．地點或原因，這種定語從句中的that也可以省去。例如：

That is the time(that) he arrives.

That is the reason (that) he came.

【同步練習】

一、 選擇適當的關係代詞或關係副詞填空：

1. His parents wouldn’t let him play with anyone ______ scores was poor.

A. of whom　　　　 B. whom　　　　　　 C. of whose　　　　 D. whose　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

2. She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.

A. it　　　　　　　 B. which　　　　　　 C. this　　　　　　 D. that　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

3. In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could get help.

A. that　　　　　　 B. who　　　　　　　 C. from whom　　　 　D. to whom　　　　　　　　　　　　　

4. The day _______ he chose for his son wedding was a lucky day in the lunar calendar.

A. when　　　　　　 B. where　　　　　　 C. that　　　　　　 D. who　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.

A. which　　　　　 B. where　　　　　　 C. that　　　　　　 D. when　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

6．This monument is all ______ remains of the ancient kingdom.

A. it 　　　　　 B. that　　　　 　　 C. when　　　　　　 D. which　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

7．He mentioned a book the tile of ______ I can’t remember now.

A．who　　　　　 B．which　　　　　　　 C．this　　　　　　　 D．what 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.

A. which price　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. the price of which

C. its price　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. the price of whose

9._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.

A. As　　　　　　　 B. It　　　　　　　 C. That　　　　　　 D. Which

10. He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.

A. this　　　　　　 B. which　　　　　　 C. that　　 　　　　D. same

11. On the wall hangs a picture, _____ color is blue.

A. whose　　　　　 B. of which　　　　 C. which　　　　　　 D. its

12.I still remember the time ______ I first became a college student.

A. what　　　　　　 B. which　　　　 　C. that　　　　　　 D. when

13. still talks like the man______ he was ten years ago.

A. that　　　　　　 B. where　　　　　　 C. which　　　　　　 D. there

14. The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.

A. in which　　　　 B. in that　　　　　 C. in whose　　　　 D. whose

15.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.

A. the way　　 B. the way in that　 C. the way which　　 D. the way of which

16.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .

A. It’s the reason B. That’s why

C. There’s why D. It’s how

17. He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.

A. which I think is　　　　　　　　　 B. which I think it is

C. which I think it　　　　　　　　　D.I think which is

18. There is only one dish on the table_______ I want to eat .

A. who　　　　　　　 B. that　　　　　　 C. what　　　　　　　 D. whcih　　

參考答案

一、1-5 DBCCB　 6-10 BBCAB　 11-15 ADACA　 16-18 BAB